Email this article Sintesis dan karakterisasi sodium karboksimetil selulosa dari serabut kelapa sawit
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan metode pembuatan CMC dari serabut buah kelapa sawit (SBS). Dua tahapan percobaan dilakukan, yaitu penyiapan selulosa dari SBS dan pembuatan CMC menggunakan selulosa SBS dari perlakuan terpilih. Percobaan tahap pertama merupakan percobaan faktor tunggal (konsentrasi NaOH 5,0-17,5%), sedangkan percobaan tahap kedua merupakan percobaan faktorial (konsentrasi NaOH 5-20%, dan kadar Natrium monokhloro asetat/NaMCA 3-7 g). Setiap perlakuan diulang lima kali. Parameter yang diamati pada percobaan tahap pertama adalah rendemen, kadar selulosa, kadar air, dan kadar abu. Parameter yang diamati pada percobaan tahap kedua adalah hasil, kadar air, kemurnian, kelarutan, viskositas, dan derajat substitusi. CMC SBS dengan karakter terbaik dari percobaan kedua kemudian dianalisis dengan sinar-X dan FTIR. Kecuali data difraksi sinar-X dan spektrum FTIR yang dianalisis secara deskriptif, data lainnya dianalisis dengan ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode penyiapan selulosa dari SBS dengan formula 5% w/v dalam 15% NaOH merupakan metode paling potensial (rendemen dan kadar selulosa bertuut-turut adalah 25,50% dan 63,34%) dan dipilih sebagai metode penyiapan selulosa SBS. Pada percobaan CMC dari selulosa SBS, ditunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi NaOH dan kadar NaMCA serta interaksinya memberikan pengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap hasil, kadar air, kemurnian, kelarutan, viskositas, dan derajat substitusi CMC. Metode penyiapan CMC menggunakan formula 5 g selulosa SBS dalam sistem 100 mL isopropanol dan 20 mL 15% NaOH dan 6 gram NaMCA merupakan metode potensial yang menghasilkan CMC SBS dengan karakteristik derajat substitusi 1,19, viskositas 4,1 cps, dan kelarutan 60,25%. Hasil, kemurnian, dan kadar air CMC SBS yang dihasilkan berturut-turut adalah 156,35%, 86,44%, dan 11,83%. CMC SBS yang dihasilkan tersebut mempunyai karakter difraksi sinar-X dan spektrum FTIR yang serupa dengan tepung selulosa dan CMC komersial.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.35941/jtaf.3.2.2021.6656.101-113
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