Evaluasi Masa Tanam Berdasarkan Metode Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) dan Indeks Kecukupan Air (IKA) untuk Pengembangan Produksi Jagung di Giritontro, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35941/jatl.5.2.2023.9979.152-162Keywords:
curah hujan, iklim, kondisi stressingAbstract
Berubahnya durasi musim menjadikan pergantian musim kemarau dan musim hujan tidak menentu. Tanaman pangan yang dibudidayakan pada lahan sawah tadah hujan dan tegalan seperti jagung mudah mengalami cekaman karena ketersediaan air dipengaruhi oleh iklim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) dan Indeks Kecukupan Air (IKA) guna menentukan masa tanam yang tepat untuk tanaman jagung di Kecamatan Giritontro, Kabupaten Wonogiri. Pelaksanaan penelitian dengan metode deskriptif eksploratif, data curah hujan rata-rata Kecamatan Giritontro 1.750-2.250 mm per tahun. Metode yang digunakan adalah Standardized Precipitation Index dan Indeks Kebutuhan Air, dengan alat analisa berupa aplikasi Rstudio dan Cropwat 8.0 yang mengolah data curah hujan dalam 9 tahun terakhir (tahun 2012 sampai 2020). Titik pengamatan dan pengambilan sampel tanah ditentukan menggunakan data spasial (curah hujan, penggunaan lahan, kemiringan lereng, dan jenis tanah) wilayah penelitian. Parameter kondisi aktual tanah yang diamati diantaranya kadar lengkap, struktur tanah, tekstur tanah, dan bahan organik. Data-data yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian diolah dengan uji ANOVA dan Pearson correlation. Penghitungan indeks kekeringan menggunakan metode Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) dengan aplikasi Rstudio dan Indeks Kecukupan Air (IKA) dengan aplikasi Cropwat 8.0 berdasarkan data curah hujan pos BBWS di Giriwoyo. Kondisi tanah aktual diamati diantaranya kadar lengas, struktur tanah, tekstur tanah, bahan organik, data curah hujan 9 tahun terakhir (2012-2020), data spasial Kecamatan Giritontro untuk peta pengamatan dan pengambilan sampel. Analisis data yang dilakukan ialah uji korelasi antara indeks kekeringan dengan indikator pengamatan. Hasil indeks kekeringan rata–rata wilayah penelitian pada tahun 2012–2020 termasuk kategori mendekati normal berkisar antara -0,94-0,87. Indeks kekeringan berhubungan dengan tesktur tanah dan dipengaruhi oleh kemiringan lereng. Indeks kecukupan air tanaman jagung antara 0,47–0,91 dari bulan Januari sampai Desember. Penentuan awal masa tanam paling efektif pada bulan November. Alternatif pencadangan air tanah dapat melalui pembuatan dam parit yang berfungsi sebagai penampung aliran air permukaan.Downloads
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