Efektivitas Gelombang Mikro dan Isolat Lokal Trichoderma sp. serta Gliocladium sp. dalam Menurunkan Infeksi Aspergillus flavus pada Biji Jagung
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/jatl.9.1.2026.26910.99-109Keywords:
Aspergillus flavus, biji jagung, gelombang mikro, Gliocladium sp., Trichoderma sp.Abstract
Kontaminasi biji jagung oleh Aspergillus flavus merupakan masalah utama karena kemampuannya menghasilkan aflatoksin, yang menimbulkan risiko signifikan bagi kesehatan manusia dan menurunkan kualitas produk pertanian. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan alternatif pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi efektivitas perlakuan gelombang mikro dengan jamur antagonis, yaitu Trichoderma sp. dan Gliocladium sp., untuk menekan pertumbuhan A. flavus pada biji jagung. Percobaan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi tingkat penghambatan, tingkat infeksi, dan perkecambahan biji. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan gelombang mikro menurunkan tingkat infeksi menjadi 4,40 dibandingkan dengan 7,40 pada kontrol. Aplikasi Trichoderma sp. menghasilkan tingkat penghambatan berkisar antara 23,54% hingga 26,30% dan menurunkan infeksi menjadi 4,20%. Performa terbaik diamati pada Gliocladium sp., yang mencapai penghambatan tertinggi (31,30%) dan tingkat infeksi terendah (2,40%), serta mampu meningkatkan perkecambahan benih dan pertumbuhan tunas. Perlakuan gelombang mikro dan Trichoderma sp. juga mampu menurunkan tingkat infeksi dan berpotensi sebagai metode pengendalian alternatif. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitasnya pada kondisi lapangan serta mengkaji potensi manfaat dari aplikasi kombinasi.
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