Respon Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Beberapa Varietas Pare (Momordica charantia L.) Terhadap Berbagai Konsentrasi Kolkisin
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/jatl.8.2.2026.21392.69-75Keywords:
kolkisin, pare, poliploidiAbstract
Tanaman pare (Momordica charantia L.) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman sayuran yang tergolong dalam famili cucurbitaceae, yang tumbuhnya menjalar atau merambat dan mudah untuk dibudidayakan serta tumbuhnya tidak tergantung dengan kondisi musim. Permasalahan utama tanaman pare saat ini yaitu rendahnya tingkat produktivitas hanya sekitar 11,5 ton/ha sedangkan tingkat kebutuhan buah pare terus mengalami peningkatkan seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah penduduk yang terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Pemuliaan tanaman dengan cara penggandaan kromosom (poliploid) menggunakan kolkisin, merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman pare. Poliploidi berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan ukuran nukleus, sehingga menyebabkan adanya penambahan ukuran sel dan jaringan, organ dan tanaman sehingga menyebabkan penampakan morfologis tanaman menjadi lebih besar dibandingkan tanaman diploid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh kolkisin terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman pare, serta menentukan dosis kolkisin terbaik untuk peningkatan hasil dan pertumbuhan tanaman pare. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi kolkisin pada beberapa varietas tanaman pare (Momordica charantia L.) mampu meningkatkan hasil tanaman dan berbeda nyata dengan tanaman pare yang tidak diaplikasikan kolkisin. Aplikasi kolkisin dengan dosis 30 ppm memberikan hasil paling optimal, hal ini dapat diketahui dari parameter juppmaj buah, bobot buah, dan diameter buah. Sedangkan aplikasi kolkisin menyebabkan panjang sulur tanaman pare menjadi lebih pendek,dan meningkatkan ukuran luas daun, sehingga hal ini akan berdampak terhadap peningkatan proses fotosintesis tanaman
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