Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan Sawah Potensial Berdasarkan Bentuk Lahan di Kelurahan Makroman, Samarinda
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/jatl.8.1.2025.19472.36-48Keywords:
budidaya padi, evaluasi lahan, geomorfologi, pertanian, tanahAbstract
Meningkatnya permintaan produksi padi di Kota Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur, mendorong perlunya identifikasi wilayah pertanian baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kesesuaian lahan potensial untuk sawah di wilayah Makroman dengan pendekatan berbasis bentuk lahan (landform). Analisis dilakukan berdasarkan karakteristik lahan pada satuan bentuk lahan yang berbeda, meliputi dataran banjir, berlereng, dataran berombak, dan dataran bergelombang. Evaluasi kesesuaian lahan dilakukan dengan metode pembatas sederhana atau pembatas maksimum untuk dua musim tanam, yaitu November–Februari dan Mei–Agustus. Karakteristik lahan yang dianalisis meliputi iklim, topografi, kelembapan, sifat fisik tanah, dan kesuburan tanah. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dataran banjir memiliki tingkat kesesuaian tertinggi secara konsisten untuk budidaya padi, didukung oleh kondisi iklim yang menguntungkan dan kemiringan lahan yang datar. Sebaliknya, bentuk lahan berlereng dan dataran bergelombang menunjukkan tingkat kesesuaian yang lebih rendah akibat keterbatasan berupa kemiringan terjal dan drainase yang kurang sesuai. Faktor kesuburan tanah, terutama kandungan karbon organik yang rendah dan pH yang agak masam, menjadi kendala tambahan di sebagian besar satuan bentuk lahan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa dataran banjir memiliki potensi tinggi untuk pengembangan sawah, namun diperlukan upaya pengelolaan lereng dan perbaikan sifat tanah di lahan marginal. Temuan ini memberikan masukan penting bagi perencanaan pertanian berkelanjutan di wilayah Makroman. Kata kunci: budidaya padi, evaluasi lahan, geomorfologi, pertanian, tanah.Downloads
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