Identifikasi Jamur Entomopatogen dan Uji Patogenisitas Jamur Metarhizium sp. pada Spodoptera litura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/jatl.7.2.2025.18948.102-111Keywords:
jamur entomopatogen, uji patogenisitas, Metarhizium sp., Spodoptera litura, bioinsektisida.Abstract
Pengelolaan Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman (OPT) dengan memanfaatkan musuh alaminya di alam sangat baik dilakukan, karena pengendalian secara biologis ini terjadi pengaturan populasi oleh pengendalian secara alaminya dan mengakibatkan terjadinya keseimbangan ekosistem baru. Jamur entomopatogen merupakan salah satu pengendalian alami dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bioinsektisida. Penelitian ini bertujuan identifikasi jamur entomopatogen serta uji patogenisitas Metarhizium sp. hasil isolat sampel tanah pada lahan tanaman pangan, hortikultura dan perkebunan pada hama ulat grayak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2021 hingga bulan juni 2022 Lokasi pengambilan sampel tanah pada lahan pangan, hortikultura dan perkebunan di Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survei di lapangan, isolasi, identifikasi dan uji patogenisitas jamur entomopatogen terhadap larva T.molitor, disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 7 perlakuan 5 ulangan dan uji lanjut patogenisitas jamur Metarhizium sp. terhadap S.litura menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan 5 ulangan. Diperoleh sebanyak 7 isolat jamur entomopatogen yang berhasil diisolasi dan teridentifikasi yaitu Aspergillus sp dan Metarhizium sp. dari lahan pangan (P), Fusarium sp. dan Metarhizium sp. dari lahan tanaman hortikultura (H), Fusarium sp. , Metarhizium sp. dan Ashersonia dari lahan tanaman perkebunan (K) di Samarinda Kalimantan Timur. Jamur Metarhizium dapat menyebabkan kematian pada serangga uji Spodoptera litura dengan persentase mortalitas tertinggi pada perlakuan isolat Metarhizium (P) dengan kerapatan konidia 2,3x106 konidia mL -1, isolat Metarhizium sp. (H) dengan kerapatan spora 1,1x106 konidia mL -1 dan isolat Metarhizium sp. (K) kerapatan spora 8,2x10⁵ konida mL -1 dengan persentase mortalitas 92-100% pada 6 dan 9 hari setelah aplikasi.Downloads
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