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Identifikasi Spesies Jangkrik (Gryllidae) di Kawasan Merapi Valley Melalui Analisis Bioakustik
Abstract
Merapi Valley merupakan lanskap vulkanik pasca erupsi yang telah ditransformasi menjadi ekosistem buatan melalui analisis bioakustik calling song. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi spesies jangkrik (Gryllidae) di kawasan ini. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah studi kasus ekologi dengan desain deskriptif komparatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi langsung berupa perekaman suara pada empat plot 10 m × 10 m, pengukuran faktor abiotik serta dokumentasi morfologi spesimen. Rekaman dianalisis menggunakan Audacity dan Raven Pro untuk mengekstrak parameter akustik (frekuensi rendah-tinggi, frekuensi puncak, frekuensi pusat, durasi, dan pulse per chirp), dibandingkan dengan database serta literatur Teleogryllus. Sebanyak 11 calling song berkualitas tinggi diperoleh dan terkelompok menjadi dua tipe: Tipe A (9 rekaman) dengan pola 3 pulse per chirp dan Peak Frequency 4,27 ± 0,17 kHz, serta Tipe B (2 rekaman) dengan 4-5 pulse per chirp dan Peak Frequency 4,72 ± 0,19 kHz. Analisis komparatif menunjukkan bahwa Tipe A mendekati Teleogryllus mitratus namun frekuensi secara konsisten lebih tinggi, berkaitan dengan kondisi mikroklimat lembap dan isolasi geografis Merapi Valley sedangkan Tipe B merepresentasikan T. occipitalis. Temuan ini memberikan data dasar keanekaragaman jangkrik vulkanik, menegaskan potensi bioakustik sebagai metode non-invasif identifikasi spesies dan biomonitoring.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.32522/ujht.v10i1.25426
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