PEMBUATAN BIO OIL DARI CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN METODE PIROLISIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/cmg.v5i2.4881Abstract
Cangkang kelapa sawit merupakan limbah padat lignoselulosa yang dihasilkan oleh industri perkebunan
kelapa sawit dan memiliki tingkat ketersediaan yang berlimpah setiap tahunnya. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk
pengelolaan limbah adalah mengurangi daya cemar dan memanfaatkan limbah agar mendapatkan nilai tanbah
dari limbah tersebut. Penanganan limbah cangkang sawit pada industri kelapa sawit sebagai bahan baku
pembuatan asap cair saat ini belum optimal dan ekonomis, sehingga mendorong peneliti untuk mencari suatu
metode alternatif untuk memanfaatkan cangkang sawit sebagai bahan baku substitusi untuk industri asap cair
di Indonesia dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pengawet alami pengganti formalin yang sering
digunakan walau sangat berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia. Sehubungan dengan hal itu, penelitian ini
dilakukan dalam 2 tahap yaitu persiapan bahan baku dan proses pirolisis. Pirolisis adalah proses pembakaran
tanpa oksigen untuk memproduksi bio-oil, bio-char dan gas. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu untuk
mengetahui pengaruh suhu terhadap bio-oil serta untuk mengetahui densitas, viskositas dan komposisi bio-oil
hasil dari pirolisis tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Pada penelitian ini digunakan variabel suhu pirolisis yaitu
300°C, 350°C dan 400°C. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan yield bio-oil terbesar 62,55% pada suhu 400°C.
Nilai densitas dan viskositas bio-oil secara berurutan yaitu 1,0178-1,020 g/cm3, dan 0,0093-0,0109 N/m2
Kata Kunci: kelapa sawit, cangkang kelapa sawit, pirolisis, bio-oil
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