PROSES PERLAKUAN AWAL AMPAS TEBU DENGAN PELARUT ASAM DAN GELOMBANG MIKRO SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU BIOETHANOL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/cmg.v5i2.6735Abstract
Proses pretreatment perlu dilakukan pada penggunaan ampas tebu sebagai bahan baku generasi kedua pembuatan bioethanol. Hal ini dikarenakan sebagian besar kandungan ampas tebu adalah lignoselulosa yang memiliki struktur yang kuat dan susah difermentasi. Proses pretreatment ampas tebu dengan menggunakan senyawa asam dan pemanasan gelombang mikro dilakukan dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian itu bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh varibel proses yaitu konsentrasi senyawa asam (0,1; 0,4 dan 1,0 M) dan waktu reaksi (10-30 menit) terhadap komposisi produk solid yang diperoleh. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan reaktor microwave yang diperoleh dengan memodifikasi microwave domestik dengan alat pengatur suhu dan kondensor refluk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode yang dirancang pada penelitian ini telah berhasil mengubah struktur selulosa dan hemiselulosa pada produk yang diperoleh. Kenaikan waktu reaksi menurunkan persentase kandungan selulosa dan hemiselulosa pada produk. Pengaruh yang sama juga ditunjukan oleh perubahan konsentrasi pelarut. Kenaikan konsentrasi pelarut menyebabkan semakin kecilnya persentase selulosa dan hemiselulosa yang diperoleh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran kristal pada ampas tebu sebelum dan sesudah reaksi mengalami penurunan.
Kata Kunci: perlakuaan awal, asam, gelombang mikro, ampas tebu
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