RECOVERY FOSFOR MELALUI PROSES TERMOKIMIA UNTUK BAHAN BAKU PUPUK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/cmg.v5i1.5929Abstract
Thermochemical process (proses termokimia) telah lama dikenal sebagai sebuah proses untuk recovery komponen bernilai tinggi dengan menggunakan prinsip perpindahan panas dan reaksi kimia. Salah satu penerapan penting dari proses termokimia adalah untuk recovery fosfor dari bahan baku sekunder (secondary raw materials) sebagai alternatif fosfor yang berasal dari pertambangan. Bahan baku yang kaya unsur fosfor salah satunya adalah sewage sludge ash (SSA, abu pembakaran lumpur limbah) yang berasal dari pembakaran lumpur limpah dari pengolahan air buangan sanitasi penduduk. Karena SSA mengandung fosfor cukup tinggi, maka SSA berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan baku untuk produksi pupuk. Selain untuk memperoleh komponen berharga, proses termokimia juga digunakan sekaligus untuk menghilangkan kandungan logam berat dari bahan baku yang digunakan sebelum penerapan pemupukan pada sektor pertanian. Eksperimen dasar untuk mengolah SSA dipresentasikan pada tulisan ini, dimulai dari penggunaan tanur putar untuk mengolah SSA secara termokimia dan akhirnya penggunaan proses granulasi untuk membentuk produk akhir berupa granulat yang memudahkan penyimpanan, transport dan penggunaan di lahan pertanian. Bahan donor chlor digunakan pada proses termokimia agar bereaksi dengan logam berat yang dikandung SSA sehingga kadar logam beratnya berkurang pada produk SSA yang dihasilkan. Penerapan proses granulasi menggunakan intensive mixer dari Eircih Mixer (R). Produk samping dari proses produksi caprolactam yang mengandung amonium sulfat ditambahkan dalam proses granulasi. Produk samping ini selain berfungsi sebagai penambah unsur N pada produk akhir juga berfungsi sebagai material pengikat (binding materials) dalam proses granulasi. Produk akhir dari eksperimen ini berupa produk pupuk granulat yang memiliki kekuatan dan distribusi partikel sangat layak digunakan untuk aplikasi pupuk pada sektor pertanian.
Kata kunci: granulasi, pupuk, thermochemical process, sewage sludge ashReferences
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