PENGARUH RASIO VOLUME METANOL:MINYAK TERHADAP YIELD DAN SIFAT FISIS CRUDE BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK KEDELAI (Glycine max.) DENGAN METODE TRANSESTERIFIKASI
Abstract
Ketergantungan pada bahan bakar fosil mendorong pengembangan energi terbarukan, salah satunya biodiesel dari minyak nabati. Minyak kedelai berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan baku biodiesel karena kandungan trigliseridanya tinggi dan ketersediaannya melimpah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh rasio volume metanol:minyak kedelai terhadap rendemen , densitas, dan viskositas minyak mentah biodiesel yang dihasilkan melalui transesterifikasi. Reaksi dilakukan pada suhu 65 °C selama 60 menit dengan kecepatan pengadukan 700 rpm menggunakan katalis KOH sebanyak 1 g, dengan variasi rasio volume metanol:minyak 1:10, 1:12, dan 1:14. Produk yang diperoleh dipecah sebagai biodiesel mentah karena pemurnian dilakukan secara terbatas, sehingga evaluasi terfokus pada rendemen , densitas, dan viskositas kinematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio 1:12 menghasilkan hasil rata-rata tertinggi, yaitu 93,678%, dibandingkan rasio 1:10 sebesar 84,456% dan 1:14 sebesar 86,661%. Nilai densitas biodiesel mentah pada 40 °C berada pada rentang 861,67–880,93 kg/m³, sedangkan viskositas kinematik pada 40 °C berada pada rentang 3,77–4,54 cSt. Rasio 1:12 memberikan performa terbaik dengan densitas 877,60 kg/m³ dan viskositas kinematik 3,99 cSt, yang masih berada dalam rentang acuan SNI 7182:2024 untuk parameter yang diuji. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa rasio volume metanol:minyak mempengaruhi rendemen dan karakteristik fisik awal biodiesel mentah .
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/cmg.v10i1.26957
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