PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIVITAS KARBON AKTIF DAN BATU APUNG DALAM MENURUNKAN KESADAHAN TOTAL DAN KEKERUHAN AIR SUNGAI MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM ADSORPSI KOLOM KONTINU
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/cmg.v10i1.26527Abstract
Penurunan kualitas air sungai ditandai oleh meningkatnya kesadahan total dan kekeruhan yang dapat mengganggu pemanfaatannya sebagai sumber air baku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efektivitas karbon aktif dan batu apung sebagai adsorben dalam menurunkan kesadahan total dan kekeruhan air sungai menggunakan sistem adsorpsi kolom kontinu. Air sungai dengan nilai awal kesadahan total sebesar 373 mg/L CaCO3 dan kekeruhan 30,4 NTU dialirkan melalui kolom adsorpsi dengan variasi massa adsorben sebesar 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, dan 450 gram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan massa adsorben cenderung meningkatkan efisiensi penurunan kedua parameter kualitas air. Karbon aktif menunjukkan kinerja paling optimal, dengan efisiensi penurunan kekeruhan mencapai 87% dan kesadahan total sebesar 77% pada massa adsorben 450 gram. Sementara itu, batu apung menghasilkan efisiensi penurunan kekeruhan sebesar 83% dan kesadahan total sebesar 67% pada kondisi yang sama. Perbedaan kinerja kedua adsorben dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik fisik dan kimia material, khususnya luas permukaan dan struktur pori, yang berperan penting dalam mekanisme adsorpsi. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, karbon aktif dinilai lebih efektif dibandingkan batu apung dalam sistem adsorpsi kolom kontinu, meskipun batu apung tetap memiliki potensi sebagai adsorben alternatif yang lebih ekonomis untuk pengolahan air sungai skala kecil hingga menengah.
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