ANALISA KARAKTERISASI BIO-OIL HASIL PIROLISIS LIMBAH BANNER DAN CAMPURAN DENGAN LIMBAH SERBUK GERGAJI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/cmg.v9i2.23550Abstract
Peningkatan limbah banner berbahan PVC dan serbuk gergaji dari industri kayu menimbulkan masalah lingkungan. Namun timbulan masalah tersebut terdapat potensi sebagai sumber energi alternatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengonversi kedua limbah tersebut menjadi bio-oil melalui proses pirolisis. Produk bio-oil kemudian diuji karakteristik fisik serta kimianya. Proses dilakukan menggunakan jenis reaktor fixed-bed pada temperatur operasi 300–500 °C dengan interval 50°C. Analisis TGA digunakan untuk mempelajari dekomposisi bahan, sedangkan GC–MS untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa penyusun bio-oil.
Hasil menunjukkan dekomposisi utama limbah banner terjadi pada 285 °C dan serbuk gergaji pada 338 °C dengan rentang optimum pirolisis antara 300–400 °C. Yield bio-oil menurun dari 22,34% menjadi 1,12% seiring kenaikan suhu, sedangkan syngas meningkat dari 10,47% menjadi 38,44%. Komposisi kimia bergeser dari senyawa ester pada suhu rendah menjadi fenolik dan aromatik kompleks pada suhu tinggi. Kondisi optimum tercapai pada 400 °C dengan densitas 1,07 kg/m³, viskositas 1,15 cP, dan nilai kalor 23,5 MJ/kg.
Bahan baku dengan campuran 75% banner dan 25% serbuk gergaji menghasilkan bio-oil lebih stabil dengan dominasi senyawa aromatik oksigenat. Secara keseluruhan, pirolisis limbah banner maupun campuran dengan serbuk gergaji berpotensi sebagai solusi pengelolaan limbah. Baik berjenis plastik maupun biomassa yang memberikan hasil berupa bahan bakar alternatif.
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