GAMBARAN PASIEN ANAK DENGAN COVID 19 DI RSUD AJI MUHAMMAD PARIKESIT TENGGARONG KALIMANTAN TIMUR TAHUN 2020
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/jkm.v11i2.16012Keywords:
Child, Clinical Features, COVID-19Abstract
COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has become a global pandemic since late 2019. In Indonesia, data shows that 11% of cases occur in children, but information on clinical and radiological features in children in East Kalimantan, especially Kutai Kartanegara Regency, is still limited. This study aims to determine the characteristics, clinical features, chest radiographs, and laboratory findings of pediatric patients with COVID-19 at Aji Muhammad Parikesit Hospital, Tenggarong in 2020. This study used a descriptive observational research method. The study sample was selected using purposive sampling technique with a total of 139 pediatric patients confirmed with COVID-19 from medical records and digital chest radiograph data. The results showed that the age group of 10-18 years was the most confirmed with COVID-19 (54%), females had the highest number of confirmed COVID-19 cases (53.2%), asymptomatic symptom criteria were obtained in 61.2% and mild in 38.3%. Symptoms were dominated by fever, cough, runny nose, and anosmia. The results of chest radiographs were dominated by abnormal findings (59%) and all on bilateral lungs with consolidation. In blood laboratory, ANC, NLR, Leucocyte, and Thrombocyte levels were dominated by the normal category, while ALC and Hemoglobin levels were dominated by the low category. This study describes the clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and chest radiographs that are generally found in COVID-19 patients.
References
Satgas COVID-19. Peta Sebaran COVID-19 [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Dec 1]. Available from: https://covid19.go.id/peta-sebaran-covid19
Paramita S, Isnuwardana R, Rahmadi A. Perjalanan Kasus COVID-19 di Kalimantan Timur Sepanjang Tahun 2020. 2020.
She J, Liu L, Liu W. COVID-19 epidemic: Disease characteristics in children. J Med Virol. 2020;92(7):747–54.
Beeching NJ, Fletcher TE, Fowler R. Coronavirus Disease. 2021;2019:128–128.
Wong HYF, Lam HYS, Fong AHT, Leung ST, Chin TWY, Lo CSY, et al. Frequency and Distribution of Chest Radiographic Findings in COVID-19 Positive Patients. Radiological Society of North America. 2020;
Serrano CO, Alonso E, Andres M, Buitrago N, Vigara AP, Ajares MP, et al. Pediatric Chest X-Ray in COVID-19 Infection. Eur J Radiol. 2020;131.
World Health Organization. Use of chest imaging in COVID-19. 2020;1–56. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/use-of-chest-imaging-in-covid-19
Pangestu N. Pemeriksaan Laboratorium pada Coronavirus Disease 2019. Medica Hospitalia. 2020;7:304–19.
Hadiyanto ML. Gambaran hingga tatalaksana COVID-19 pada anak. 2021;12(1):250–5.
Felicia F V. Manifestasi Klinis Infeksi COVID-19 pada Anak. Cermin Dunia Kedokteran [Internet]. 2020;47(6):420–3. Available from: http://www.cdkjournal.com/index.php/CDK/article/view/774
Bialek S, Gierke R, Hughes M, McNamara LA, Pilishvili T, Skoff T. Coronavirus disease 2019 in children: Current status - Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. CDC COVID-19 Response Team [Internet]. 2020;69(14):422–6. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/pdfs/mm6914e4-H.pdf
Patel AB, Verma A. Nasal ACE2 Levels and COVID-19 in Children. 2020;2019:2020–1.
Yuki K, Fujiogi M, Koutsogiannaki S. COVID-19 pathophysiology : A review. 2020;(January).
BPS Kutai Kartanegara. Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara Dalam Angka 2021. 2021st ed. BPS Kutai Kartanegara, editor. Kutai Kartanegara: BPS Kutai Kartanegara; 2021.
Ernisah. Gambaran Karakteristik Anak Terkonfirmasi Covid-19 Yang Di Rawat Di Ruang Isolasi Covid-19 RSUP Dr M Djamil Padang Tahun 2020. e-Skripsi Universitas Andalas [Internet]. 2020; Available from: http://scholar.unand.ac.id/68593/
Anam MS, Wistiani W, Sahyuni R, Hapsari MMDEAH. Profil Klinis, Laboratorium, Radiologis dan Luaran Pasien COVID-19 Pada Anak di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang. Medica Hospitalia : Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020;7(1A):130–6.
Tsui BCH, Deng A, Pan S. Coronavirus Disease 2019: Epidemiological Factors During Aerosol-Generating Medical Procedures. International Anesthesia Research Society [Internet]. 2020;XXX. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7302069/
Cruz AT, Zeichner SL. COVID-19 in Children: Initial Characterization of the Pediatric Disease. Pediatrics [Internet]. 2020;145:6. Available from: www.aappublications.org/news
Dong Y, Dong Y, Mo X, Hu Y, Qi X, Jiang F, et al. Epidemiology of COVID-19 among children in China. Pediatrics. 2020;145(6).
Laukka A. Lung physiology and immune function in children could be protecting them from severe. UTHealth [Internet]. 2020 Jul 7; Available from: https://www.uth.edu/news/story.htm?id=b40ccaec-50c5-465c-b2d5-a911c0344614
imon AK, Hollander GA, Mcmichael A, Mcmichael A. Evolution of the immune system in humans from infancy to old age. 2015;
Li Y, Jerkic M, Slutsky AS, Zhang H. Molecular mechanisms of sex bias differences in COVID-19 mortality. 2020;4–9.
Mason RJ. Pathogenesis of COVID-19 from a cell biology perspective. 2020;(March):9–11. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00607-2020
Mosenifar Z, Wholesale HS, Seafood H, Disease I. COVID-19 Pulmonary Management. 2021;2019:1–15.
Kangdra WY. Karakteristik Klinis dan Faktor Komorbid pada Pasien Dalam Pengawasan (Pdp) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) di RS Mitra Medika Amplas. Repositori Institusi Universitas Sumatera Utara. 2021;
Nirmalasari. Karakteristik Pasien Covid-19 Dengan Pneumonia di Perawatan Icu Infection Centre RS Rujukan Utama, Sulawesi Selatan [Thesis]. [Makassar]: Universitas Hasanuddin; 2020.
Yang P, Liu P, Zhao D. Corona Virus Disease 2019, A Growing Threat to Children? Journal of Infection. 2020;80(6):671–93.
Zhao Q, Meng M, Kumar R, Wu Y, Huang J, Deng Y, et al. Lymphopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: A systemic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2020;96:131–5.
Zhao Q, Meng M, Kumar R, Wu Y, Huang J, Deng Y, et al. Lymphopenia Is Associated With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infections: A Systemic Review And Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Infectious Disease. 2020;96:131–5.
Qin C, Zhou L, Hu Z, Zhang S, Yang S, Tao Y, et al. Dysregulation of Immune Response in Patients With Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Jul 28;71(15):762–8.
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet. 2020 Feb;395(10223):497–506.
CDC COVID-19 Response Team. Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children - United States. United States; 2020 Apr.
Cascella M, Rajnik M, Cuomo A, Dulebohn SC, Napoli R Di. Features, Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19). In 2020. Available from: https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:216297459
IDAI. Covid-19 pada Anak dari Perspektif Infeksi. Hadinegoro SR, Alam A, editors. Jakarta: IDAI; 2020.
Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):507–13.
Koupenova M. Potential role of platelets in COVID-19: Implications for thrombosis. Res Pract Thromb Haemost. 2020 Jul;4(5):737–40.
