Asimetri Relasi Stakeholder dalam Tata Kelola Pengembangan Geowisata Berkelanjutan di UNESCO Global Geopark Ijen

Frisca Aulia Syifa'; Sambas Basuni; Sarwititi Sarwoprasodjo

doi:10.32522/g8m7da76

Authors

Frisca Aulia Syifa' Program Studi Konservasi Biodiversitas Tropika, Fakultas Kehutanan dan Lingkungan, IPB http://orcid.org/0009-0008-4101-208X (unauthenticated)
Sambas Basuni Departemen Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan dan Ekowisata, Fakultas Kehutanan dan Lingkungan, IPB
Sarwititi Sarwoprasodjo Departemen Sains Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Masyarakat, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ekologi Manusia, IPB

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32522/g8m7da76

Keywords:

asimetri relasi stakeholder, geowisata berkelanjutan, MACTOR, tata kelola adaptif-kolaboratif, UNESCO Global Geopark Ijen

Abstract

Pengembangan geowisata berkelanjutan di UNESCO Global Geopark Ijen memerlukan tata kelola yang mampu mengintegrasikan kepentingan konservasi, edukasi, dan pembangunan ekonomi melalui kolaborasi berbagai stakeholder. Namun, perbedaan pengaruh, kepentingan, dan kewenangan antaraktor berpotensi menimbulkan asimetri relasi stakeholder yang memengaruhi efektivitas tata kelola. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis asimetri relasi stakeholder dalam tata kelola pengembangan geowisata berkelanjutan menggunakan metode MACTOR. Penelitian menerapkan pendekatan mixed methods melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur, observasi, dan telaah dokumen terhadap 49 informan yang mewakili unsur pentahelix. Analisis meliputi peta pengaruh–ketergantungan, matriks 3MAO, grafik konvergensi (3CAA), dan grafik divergensi (3DAA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tata kelola Geopark Ijen masih didominasi aktor konservasi dan pemerintah sebagai aktor kunci, sementara pemerintah kabupaten dan Badan Pengelola berperan sebagai aktor penghubung, serta masyarakat dan aktor pendukung memiliki pengaruh yang relatif rendah. Analisis juga menunjukkan dominasi orientasi pada tujuan ekonomi, pembentukan koalisi yang terpusat pada aktor pemerintah, serta divergensi antara aktor konservasi dan aktor pembangunan. Penelitian ini memperkenalkan konsep asimetri relasi stakeholder sebagai pendekatan untuk menjelaskan efektivitas tata kelola geowisata dan mengusulkan tata kelola adaptif-kolaboratif sebagai strategi penguatan koordinasi, penyelarasan tujuan, dan peningkatan partisipasi stakeholder.

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