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Sebaran dan Karakteristik Spasial Konflik Gajah Sumatera (Elephas maximus sumatranus) di Tiga Desa Penyangga Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser, Indonesia
Abstract
Gajah sumatra (Elephas maximus sumatranus) adalah herbivora terbesar di Pulau Sumatera. Gajah sumatera termasuk satwa yang dilindungi berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia Nomor P.106/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/12/2018. Konflik Manusia Gajah terjadi di beberapa desa penyangga sekitar Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser, Kabupaten Langkat, Indonesia. Setidaknya terdapat delapan konflik manusia gajah terjadi selama tahun 2022 di tiga desa (Bukit Mas, Mekar Makmur dan Sei Serdang). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik spasial distribusi konflik gajah sumatra dengan manusia di tiga desa sekitar Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser (TNGL). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Bukit Mas, Mekar Makmur, dan Sei Serdang dengan menggunakan metode observasi lapangan pada titik kejadian konflik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan setidaknya terdapat 48 titik konflik manusia gajah berhasil ditemukan pada lokasi penelitian. Konflik manusia gajah paling banyak terjadi pada tipe tutupan lahan hutan, ketinggian area 0-1.100 meter di atas permukaan laut, cenderung terjadi di daerah landai (8-15%) dan dekat dengan sumber air (sungai). Penelitian ini bermanfaat dalam penyediaan basis data dan informasi awal untuk mitigasi konflik manusia gajah melalui distribusi kunjungan atau keberadaan spesies di desa penyangga TNGL.
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