REVIEW PERKEMBANGAN METODE PRODUKSI DAN TEKNOLOGI PEMURNIAN DALAM PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/cmg.v4i1.4107Abstract
Biodiesel merupakan bahan bakar alternatif yang digunakan pada mesin diesel. Biodiesel dapat diproduksi dari berbagai jenis biomassa yang ada di alam. Pengolahan biodiesel adalah proses konversi dari trigliserida menjadi fatty acid metil ester (FAME). Metode produksi biodiesel berkembang dengan berbagai macam proses yang dipilih berdasarkan kondisi bahan baku dan kualitas biodiesel yang ingin dicapai. Produksi biodiesel dapat menggunakan metode konvensional seperti esterifikasi dengan katalis asam dan transesterifikasi dengan katalis basa. Selain itu juga terdapat metode baru seperti proses subkritis dan superkritis dengan tanpa adanya katalis. Metode umum pemurnian biodiesel adalah dengan proses wet washing dan dry washing, suatu metode konvensional untuk menghilangkan kotoran biodiesel seperti sabun, katalis, gliserol dan residu alkohol menggunakan air sebagai bahan pencuci. Selain itu, asam juga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pencuci, seperti asam fospat, asam sulfat dan asam klorida. Dry washing merupakan metode pemurnian menggunakan resin penukar ion. Proses pemurnian biodiesel juga bisa dilakukan dengan menggunakan membran. Selain itu, juga ada cairan ionik dan pelarut eutektik yang terbentuk dari campuran garam halida organik dan senyawa organik yang bisa diaplikasikan dalam pemurnian biodiesel.
Kata kunci: biodiesel, pemurnian, metode, FAME, bahan bakar
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