Konversi Gliserol dari Biodiesel Minyak Jelantah dengan Katalisator KOH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/cmg.v1i1.1133Abstract
Biodiesel merupakan bahan bakar yang terdiri dari campuran mono-alkyl ester dari rantai panjang asamlemak, yang dipakai sebagai alternatif bagi bahan bakar dari mesin diesel dan terbuat dari sumber terbaharui seperti minyak sayur, minyak kedelai dan sebagainya. Biodiesel dihasilkan dengan mereaksikan minyak tumbuhan dengan alkohol menggunakan basa sebagai katalis pada suhu dan komposisi tertentu. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan minyak kelapa bekas (jelantah) yang bisa dimanfaatkan menjadi bahan baku pembuatan biodiesel. Gliserol merupakan hasil samping pembuatan biodiesel. Gliserol adalah senyawa gliserida yang paling sederhana.Gliserol tidak berwarna, tidak berbau, dan berupa cairan kental dan biasa digunakan
sebagai bahan farmasi. Gliserol memiliki tiga kelompok hidroksil yang bersifat hidrofilik dan higroskopik. Gliserol merupakan komponen yang menyusun berbagai macam lipid, termasuk trigliserida. Pada penelitian ini minyak kelapa bekas (jelantah) diproses melalui dua tahap reaksi yaitu, reaksi esterifikasi dan reaksi transesterifikasi. Tahap esterifikasi dilakukan untuk menurunkan kadar asam lemak bebas dalam minyak. Minyak diesterifikasi dengan methanol dan katalisator H2SO4 ,dipanaskan pada suhu 60 ºC dengan waktu 30 menit.Hasil reaksi esterifikasi, direaksikan lagi dengan metanol dan katalisator KOH pada suhu kamar, reaksi yang terjadi adalah reaksi transesterifikasi.
Kata kunci: gliserol,konversi, transesterifikasi
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