GAMBARAN GANGGUAN KOGNITIF PADA PASIEN PASCA SEMBUH COVID-19 DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PALARAN SAMARINDA

Irma Kania Safitri, Adheya Putrindashafa, Ahmad Kafi, Andi Juhaefah, Dinni Astriani, Muhammad Khairul Nuryanto

Abstract


Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Setelah masa pemulihan, dilaporkan adanya gejala sisa berupa gangguan memori, konsentrasi, maupun perhatian. SARS-CoV-2 dapat langsung menginfeksi SSP, melepaskan mediator inflamasi dan meningkatkan permeabilitas Brain Blood Barrier dan mengaktifkan mikroglia dan stres oksidatif, yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan fungsi kognitif. Daerah otak yang terkait dengan fungsi kognitif, seperti hipokampus rentan alami kerusakan yang diinduksi hipoksia dan infeksi virus. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran gangguan kognitif pada pasien pasca sembuh COVID-19 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Palaran Samarinda. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei deskriptif dengan menggunakan instrumen berupa Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-M (TICS-M). Pada penelitian ini didapatkan 66 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan responden sebanyak 74,2% (n=49) tidak mengalami gangguan kognitif, gangguan kognitif ringan 19,7% (n =13) dan demensia 6,1% (n= 4). Gangguan kognitif paling banyak ditemukan pada umur 40-49 tahun 28,6% (n=6 dari 21), didominasi oleh laki-laki 31% (n=11 dari 35), berpendidikan SMA 24,3% (n=9 dari 37), dan gangguan kognitif paling banyak terjadi pada penderita dengan gejala klinis ringan 23,5% (n=12 dari 51). Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi masukan bagi praktisi kesehatan untuk mengupayakan pencegahan terjadinya gangguan kognitif pada pasien COVID-19, melakukan screening gangguan kognitif pada saat terinfeksi serta follow up berkala hingga pasca sembuh COVID-19, dan melakukan pemberian informasi mengenai gangguan kognitif dan cara menanggulanginya.

Keywords


COVID-19, gangguan kognitif, TICS-M

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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/jkm.v10i3.6870

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