ANALISIS MANTRA PESTA PANEN ADAT LOMPLAI SUKU DAYAK WEHEA DI DESA NEHAS LIAH BING KABUPATEN KUTAI TIMUR KAJIAN SEMIOTIKA

Abstract

Aslam Cahya Putra, Kiftiawati, Purwanti

Program Studi Sastra Indonesia, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya

Universitas Mulawarman

Email: aslamr074@gmail.com

ABSTRAK

Kata kunci: suku dayak wehea, mantra, lomplai, sastra lisan

Suku Dayak merupakan salah satu dari banyaknya suku di Indonesia. Selain terdiri dari banyak sub-suku, Suku Dayak juga kaya budaya. Salah satunya, Suku Dayak Wehea yang memiliki sebuah upacara pesta panen yang diadakan setahun sekali yaitu Lomplai. Tari-tarian dan pembacaan mantra yang menjadi salah satu keunikan acara ini. Penelitian ini berjudul “Analisis Mantra Pesta Panen Adat Lomplai Suku Dayak Wehea di Desa Nehas Liah Bing Kabupaten Kutai Timur Kajian Semiotik”. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini ialah (1) bagaimana bentuk mantra yang digunakan dalam upacara adat Lomplai?, dan (2) bagaimana makna mantra yang digunakan dalam upacara adat Lomplai?

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan yang menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini ialah kata, frasa, klausa, ataupun kalimat yang terdapat dalam objek penelitian yaitu mantra. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah informan-informan yang diwawancarai oleh peneliti yang memenuhi kriteria yang telah ditentukan sehingga menghasilkan keputusan narasumber yaitu kepala adat Suku Dayak Wehea, para pelaku tetap upacara adat Lomplai, dan kepala Desa Nehas Liah Bing. Waktu penelitian di lapangan menghabiskan waktu selama 12 hari kerja. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik observasi, kemudian wawancara. Kemudian dilakukan pula dokumentasi untuk pengambilan beberapa gambar dan video (jika ada) dan selanjutnya mentranskrip data. Transkripsi data yaitu mengubah bentuk data dari lisan menjadi tulisan. Hasil wawancara yang telah diperoleh yang diolah menjadi teks yang selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan teori yang ada.

Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini yaitu (1) bentuk mantra berbentuk puisi. Analisis bentuk membawa peneliti pada kesimpulan bahwa semua mantra dalam upacara ini memiliki sifat mengeksplorasi bunyi, mengandung repetisi, memiliki rima yang hampir sama di tiap barisnya, dan diyakni masyarakat memiliki efek perubahan, dan (2) makna yang terkandung dalam mantra-mantra yang ada yaitu memuji dan meminta kehadiran para leluhur dalam upacara, memohon untuk melindungi padi dari hama, mengantar “pulang” roh-roh padi yang telah mati karena hama, penolak bala atau doa agar dijauhkan dari hal-hal buruk, dan berserah diri kepada leluhur dan dewa-dewa yang mereka yakini.

ABSTRACT

Key Words: dayak wehea tribe, spell, lomplai, oral literature

The Dayak tribe is one of many tribes which exist in Indonesia. Not only it has a sub-tribe, but the Dayak tribe is also rich in its culture. One of them was the Dayak Wehea tribe which has their harvest ceremony which was celebrated once a year, named Lomplai. The choreographies and the spell reading are one of the uniqueness that exists in this ceremony. This research entitled “The Analysis of The Harvest Ceremony’s Spell Lomplai Tradition The Dayak Wehea Tribe in Nehas Liah Bing village Kutai Timur Regency The Semiotic Study”. Research questions that formed in this research are (1) How the form of the spell was used in the Lomplai tradition ceremony?, and (2) How the meaning of the spell was used in the Lomplai tradition ceremony?

This research is based on field research by using qualitative research as an approach. The data in this research is based on the words, phrases, clauses, or sentences that exist in the object of this research, which is the spell. The source of the data in this research is based from the informants interviewed by the writer selected based on the predetermined criteria hence to obtain the decision of the said informants, which are the Head Village of the Dayak Wehea tribe, The permanent executor of the ceremony Lomplai tradition, and the head Village Nehas Liah Bing. Research time took 12 working days in the field. The data collection techniques used required observation techniques and then interviews. Documentations are also carried out by taking several pictures and videos (if necessary or needed) and then transcribing the data. On top of that, the data transcription is changing the form of the data from spoken to interview. The interview managed to give its results obtained to be processed into the text, which is then analyzed by using the existing theory.

The result from this research indicates that (1) The form of the spell is based on the poem. The analysis of the form leads the writers to conclude that each spell in this ceremony event has its personality to exploit the sound, contains repetition, has similar rhyme in each of its linear, and believed by the people that it has the effectiveness to change, and (2) The meanings contained in the spells are praising and asking for the presence of the ancestors of the ceremony, to beg them to protect their rice field from the pests, therefore to take “home” the spirits of the rice which have died because of the pests, thus repelling reinforcements or praying to be kept away from bad things. Which hope to surround themselves with their ancestors and the Gods they believe in.