The Struggle for Equality of Social Class Portrayed in Solomon Northup's "12 Years a Slave": A Marxist Analysis

Nur Hajjah, Mardliya Pratiwi Z, Fatimah Muhajir

Abstract


Abstract

This Thesis discussed the relationship between two social classes, and also
discussed the class struggle. As seen in the theory that complements this research,
that is theory of Marxism. In the theory of Marxism, it is explained that the
relationship of social class between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat is mutually
hostile and contradicts each other, and from that conflicted it is seen how the struggle
is carried out by an oppressed class. This research aims to determine clearly what
relationship that existed between the two social classes, and what struggles the lower
classes are doing in gaining equality. Based on this, the researcher decided to analyze
the novel 12 Years a Slave by Solomon Northup, and make it the object of this
research. Qualitative descriptive method to fulfill the purpose of this research, and the
data in this research used a word, phrase, clause, and sentence taken from the novel
12 Years a Slave. The results showed a conflicting relationship between blacks and
whites, in which whites always oppressed blacks. It is from these oppressions that
clearly showed the relationship that exists between two classes and a visible struggle
of blacks for equality for them. One of them was the struggled of Northup who comes
from black people who fought hard to defend himself when he gets bad treatment
from his white employer. White people felt they have the right to do that, because
they had a higher economic position in the novel. Then, at the end of the story
Northup has managed to get justice for him for what he fought for 12 years he had
been trapped in the shackles of slavery.
Key words: Marxism, Social Class, Bourgeois, Proletariat, Class Struggle.

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini membahas tentang hubungan antara dua kelas sosial, dan juga
membahas tentang suatu perjuangan kelas. Seperti yang terlihat dalam teori yang
menjadi pelengkap penelitian ini yaitu teori Marxisme. Dalam teori Marxisme
dijelaskan bahwa hubungan kelas sosial antara kelas borjuis dan kelas proletariat itu
saling bermusuhan dan bertentangan satu sama lain, dan dari pertentangan tersebutlah
terlihat bagaimana perjuangan yang dilakukan oleh suatu kelas yang tertindas.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dengan jelas hubungan apa yang terjalin
antara kedua kelas sosial tersebut, dan apa saja perjuangan yang dilakukan kaum kelas
bawah dalam mendapatkan suatu kesetaraan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut peneliti
memutuskan untuk menganalisis novel 12 Years a Slave karya Solomon Norhtup, dan
menjadikannya sebagai objek penelitian. Metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk memenuhi
tujuan penelitian ini. Data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan suatu kata, frasa, klausa,
dan kalimat yang diambil dari novel 12 Years a Slave. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan
suatu hubungan yang saling bertentangan antara kaum kulit hitam dengan kaum kulit
putih, yang dimana kaum kulit putih selalu menindas kaum kulit hitam. Dari
penindasan-penindasan tesebutlah yang menunjukkan dengan jelas suatu hubungan
yang terjalin antara kedua kelas tersebut dan suatu perjuangan dari kaum kulit hitam
terlihat demi mendapatkan kesetaraan baginya. Salah satunya perjuangan dari Northup
yang berasal dari kaum kulit hitam ia membela dirinya saat dia mendapatkan perlakuan
yang tidak baik dari majikannya, kaum kulit putih merasa berhak melakukan hal
tersebut karena mereka memiliki kedudukan ekonomi yang lebih tinggi dalam novel.
Kemudian, pada akhir cerita Northup telah berhasil mendapatkan keadilan untuknya
atas apa yang diperjuangkannya selama 12 tahun lamanya dia telah terjebak dalam
beleggu perbudakan.
Kata Kunci: Marxisme, Kelas Sosial, Borjuis, Proletar, Perjuangan Kelas.


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/jbssb.v7i4.8424

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