PEMALI DALAM BUDAYA MASYARAKAT ETNIK SUNDA DI KOTA SAMARINDA: TINJAUAN SEMIOTIKA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/jbssb.v6i1.5270Keywords:
semiotika, pemali, masyarakat etnik SundaAbstract
ABSTRAK
Pemali merupakan sebuah budaya atau tradisi yang berbentuk lisan dan bagian adat istiadat yang selalu berada dalam ingatan masyarakat. Secara umum, pemali menggunakan untaian kata indah dan nilai tinggi. Salah satu etnik di Indonesia yang masih menerapkan pemali meski telah melakukan migrasi, yaitu etnik Sunda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemali-pemali yang masih dilaksanakan dan diwariskan secara turun temurun. Kepercayaan terhadap pemali di Indonesia terbilang cukup tinggi karena merupakan sesuatu yang dianggap suci atau sakral. Pemali menjelaskan makna tanda dalam masyarakat etnik Sunda. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang dipaparkan secara deskriptif. Data penelitian ini, yaitu pemali yang disampaikan dan diterapkan oleh masyarakat etnik Sunda. Adapun sumber data adalah masyarakat etnik Sunda yang telah menjadi penduduk di Kota Samarinda Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan, yaitu teknik wawancara. Adapun teknik analisis data yang digunakan, yaitu teknik analisis semiotika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemali-pemali yang hanya diketahui dan pemali yang diketahui serta dilaksanakan berhubungan dengan mata pencaharian. Sedangkan pemali yang masih diterapkan, berlaku bagi anak gadis, anak kecil wanita hamil dan semua kalangan. Pemali tersebut berkaitan dengan kesehatan, keselamatan, rezeki, dan jodoh yaitu pemali yang mengatur kegiatan sehari-hari. Sedangkan pemali yang masih dilaksanakan oleh masyarakat etnik Sunda di Kota Samarinda sangat erat kaitannya dengan etos yang dimiliki oleh etnik Sunda, yaitu cageur (sehat), bageur (baik), bener (benar), singer (mawas diri), wanter (berani), dan pinter (cerdas). Maka makna yang terkandung dalam pemali juga mengatur hidup agar terbentuk karakter sesuai dengan falsafah hidup etnik Sunda. Adapun nilai yang terkandung dalam pemali yang dilaksanakan, yaitu: (a) nilai sosial, yaitu nilai yang mengatur hubungan manusia dengan manusia, manusia dengan alam, dan manusia dengan Sang Pencipta, (b) nilai moral, dan (c) nilai etika sebagai tuntunan dalam bertingkah laku.
Kata Kunci: semiotika, pemali, masyarakat etnik Sunda
ABSTRACT
Pemali is a culture or tradition that is oral and passed down from generation to generation. The belief in pemali in Indonesia is quite high because it is something that is considered sacred. Pemali becomes part of the customs that are always in the memory of the community. In general, pemali uses strings of beautiful words and high scores. One of the ethnic groups in Indonesia that still applies pemali even though they have migrated is the Sundanese ethnic group. This study aims to determine the pemali that is still being implemented and to explain the meaning of the sign in the Sundanese ethnic community. This research includes field research with a qualitative approach that is described descriptively. The data of this research, namely pemali submitted and applied by the Sundanese ethnic community. The data source is the Sundanese ethnic community who have inhabited and become residents of Samarinda City, East Kalimantan Province. The data collection technique used is the interview technique. The data analysis Technique used is the semiotic analysis technique. The results showed that the only known and implemented pemali are related to livelihoods. Meanwhile, pemali, which is still being applied, applies to girls, small children, pregnant women and all groups. Pemali is related to health, safety, sustenance, and a match, namely pemali who regulates daily activities. Meanwhile, pemali which is still carried out by Sundanese ethnic communities in Samarinda City is closely related to the ethos possessed by Sundanese ethnicities, namely cageur (healthy), bageur (good), bener (correct), singer (introspective), wanter (brave), and smart (smart). So the meaning contained in pemali also regulates life in order to form a character in accordance with the philosophy of life of the Sundanese ethnic group. The values contained in pemali are implemented, namely: (a) social values, namely the values that govern the relationship between humans and humans, humans and nature, and humans and the Creator, (b) moral values, and (c) ethical values as guidance in behavior.
Keywords: Semiotics, denotation, connotation, myth, and pemali
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