What Shapes Psychological Safety Among Middle Adolescents? A Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/s0f3sm52Keywords:
iklim sekolah, psychological safety, remaja madya, teman sebaya, tinjauan literatur sistematisAbstract
Adolescence requires a psychologically safe environment, however, the factors shaping psychological safety have not been comprehensively integrated. This study aims to synthesize the factors influencing psychological safety among middle adolescents. The method employed was a systematic literature review (SLR) guided by PRISMA 2020. Literature was retrieved from Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, PubMed, and Google Scholar covering the period 2020-2025. A total of 15 empirical articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed using thematic synthesis. The finding indicate that psychological safety is influenced by individual factors (e.g., self-esteem), social factors (peer relationships, social support, and bullying), school environment (climate and social practices), and family factors (emotional support). These finding suggest that psychological safety is multidimensional and is not merely shaped by isolated factors, but rather emerges through dynamic interactions across interconnected systems. This review highlights the importance of developing integrated interventions involving schools, families, and social environments to support psychological safety among middle adolescents.
Masa remaja membutuhkan lingkungan yang aman secara psikologis, namun faktor pembentuk psychological safety belum terintegrasi secara menyeluruh. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi psychological safety pada remaja madya. Metode yang digunakan adalah systematic literature review (SLR) dengan pedoman PRISMA 2020. Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, PubMed, dan Google Scholar pada periode 2020-2025. Sebanyak 15 artikel empiris yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dianalisis menggunakan sintesis tematik. Hal menunjukkan bahwa psychological safety dipengaruhi oleh faktor individu (misalnya self-esteem), faktor sosial (relasi teman sebaya, dukungan sosial, dan bullying), lingkungan sekolah (iklim dan praktik sosial), serta faktor keluarga (dukungan emosional). Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa psychological safety bersifat multidimensional dan tidak hanya terbentuk dari keberadaan faktor-faktor tersebut secara terpisah, melainkan melalui interaksi dinamis antar sistem yang saling memengaruhi. Kajian ini menegaskan pentingnya pengembangan intervensi yang melibatkan sekolah, keluarga, dan lingkungan sosial secara terintegrasi untuk mendukung psychological safety pada remaja madya.
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