The Dynamics of Self-Disclosure among Gay and Transgender Individuals in the Indonesian Social Context

Anna Maria, Maria Nugraheni Mardi Rahayu

Abstract


Self-disclosure is the process by which individuals reveal their personal identity to others. For gay and transgender individuals, self-disclosure presents challenges due to social stigma. This study aims to understand the self-disclosure experiences of gay and transgender individuals and the factors influencing this process. This research employs a qualitative method with a phenomenological design. The participants consisted of two individuals identifying as gay and transgender, selected using the snowball sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analysed using thematic analysis The results indicate that self-disclosure is a gradual process influenced by both internal and external factors. The primary obstacles to self-disclosure include fear of stigma, experiences of bullying, and anxiety about social reactions. However, social support from friends, colleagues, and inclusive environments can help individuals feel more confident in revealing their identities. The key factors affecting self-disclosure include the level of trust in the recipient, group size, dyadic effects, and supportive environments. This study provides insight into the dynamics of self-disclosure among gay and transgender individuals and highlights the crucial role of social support in creating a safe environment for them. The implications of this research can be utilized to raise awareness among families, professionals, and society in fostering open and non-judgmental communication.

Self-disclosure merupakan proses individu dalam mengungkapkan identitas pribadinya kepada orang lain. Bagi individu gay dan transgender, self-disclosure menjadi tantangan karena adanya stigma sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami pengalaman self-disclosure pada individu gay dan transgender serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi proses tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan desain fenomenologis. Partisipan terdiri dari dua individu yang mengidentifikasi sebagai gay dan transgender, yang dipilih dengan teknik snowball sampling. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dan dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa self-disclosure merupakan proses bertahap yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal dan eksternal. Hambatan utama dalam self-disclosure adalah ketakutan terhadap stigma, pengalaman perundungan, serta kecemasan terhadap reaksi lingkungan. Namun, dukungan sosial dari teman, kolega, dan lingkungan yang inklusif dapat membantu individu lebih percaya diri dalam mengungkapkan identitasnya. Faktor utama yang memengaruhi self-disclosure adalah tingkat kepercayaan terhadap penerima informasi, ukuran kelompok, efek diadik, dan lingkungan yang mendukung. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan mengenai dinamika self-disclosure pada individu gay dan transgender serta menyoroti pentingnya peran dukungan sosial dalam menciptakan lingkungan yang aman bagi mereka. Implikasi dari penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran keluarga, tenaga profesional, serta masyarakat dalam membangun komunikasi yang terbuka dan tidak menghakimi.


Keywords


Gay Individual, Self-Disclosure, Social Stigma, Social Support, Transgender Individual

Full Text:

FULL TEXT

References


Adriani, S., Anggai, A. I., & Pradoponingrum, R. A. (2017). Pengungkapan diri gay kepada keluarga. PSIKOSAINS: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pemikiran Psikologi, 12 (1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.30587/psikosains.v12i1.147

Altman, I., & Taylor, D. (1973). Social penetration: The development of interpersonal relationships. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

American Psychological Association. (2008). Answer to your question: For a better understanding of sexual orientation and homosexuality.

Anderson, S. M. (2020). Gender matters: The perceived role of gender expression in discrimination against cisgender and transgender LGBQ individuals. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 44(3), 323–341. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684320929354

Asri, R., & Afdal. (2020). The importance of having self-disclosure in lesbians. Jurnal Neo Konseling, 2(2), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.24036/00285kons2020

Berlan, E. D., Corliss, H. L., Field, A. E., Goodman, E., & Bryn Austin, S. (2010). Sexual orientation and bullying among adolescent in the growing up today study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46(4), 366–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.10.015

Clarke, A., Meredith, P. J., & Rose, T. A. (2021). Interpersonal Trust Reported by Adolescents Living with Mental Illness: A Scoping Review. Adolescent Research Review, 6(2), 165–198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-020-00141-2

Cramer, D. W., & Roach, A. J. (1988). Coming Out to Mom and Dad: Journal of Homosexuality, 15(3–4), 79–92. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v15n03_04

Creswell, J. W. (2010). Research design: Pendekatan kualitatif, kuantitatif, dan mixed methods . Pustaka Pelajar.

Devi, E., & Indryawati, R. (2020). Trust dan self-disclosure pada remaja putri pengguna Instagram . Jurnal Psikologi, 13(2), 118–132. https://doi.org/10.35760/psi.2020.v13i2.3017

DeVito, J. A. (2011). Komunikasi antar manusia (5th ed.). Karisma Publishing Group.

Djami, M. B. S., & Syafiq, M. (2021). Menegoisasikan identitas seksual dan identitas religius: Pengalaman perempuan Kristen berorientasi homoseksual. Psyche 165 Journal, 14(4), 368–374. https://doi.org/10.35134/jpsy165.v14i4.138

Doan, L., & Mize, T. D. (2020). Sexual identity disclosure among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. Sociological Science, 7, 504–527. https://doi.org/10.15195/V7.A21

Fletcher, L., & Everly, B. A. (2021). Perceived lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) supportive practices and the life satisfaction of LGBT employees: The roles of disclosure, authenticity at work, and identity centrality. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 94(3), 485–508. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12336

Green, M., Bobrowicz, A., & Ang, C. S. (2015). The lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community online: Discussions of bullying and self-disclosure in YouTube videos. Behaviour & Information Technology, 34(7), 704–712. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2015.1012649

Haimson, O. L., & Veinot, T. C. (2020). Coming out to doctors, coming out to “everyone”: Understanding the average sequence of transgender identity disclosures using social media data. Transgender Health, 5(3), 158–165. https://doi.org/10.1089/trgh.2019.0045

Hamilton, K. M., Park, L. S., Carsey, T. A., & Martinez, L. R. (2019). “Lez be honest”: Gender expression impacts workplace disclosure decisions. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 23(2), 144–168. https://doi.org/10.1080/10894160.2019.1520540

Hargie, O. (2021). Skilled interpersonal communication: Research, theory, and practice (7th ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003182269

Human Rights Watch. (2020, September 7). Indonesia: Investigate police raid on “gay party.” https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/09/07/indonesia-investigate-police-raid-gay-party

Hur, H. (2020). The role of inclusive work environment practices in promoting LGBT employee job satisfaction and commitment. Public Money & Management, 40(6), 426–436. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2019.1681640

Jati, P. P., & Rahayu, M. N. M. (2023). Intimate friendship and self disclosure on early adult Instagram second account users. Psikoborneo: Jurnal Imiah Psikologi, 11(3), 436–442. https://doi.org/10.30872/psikoborneo.v11i3

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2025, June 21). Berani tes, berani lindungi diri: Kemenkes targetkan eliminasi HIV dan IMS tahun 2030. https://kemkes.go.id/id/berani-tes-berani-lindungi-diri-kemenkes-targetkan-eliminasi-hiv-dan-ims-tahun-2030

Miles, M. B., Huberman, M. A., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.

Pachankis, J. E., Mahon, C. P., Jackson, S. D., Fetzner, B. K., & Bränström, R. (2020). Sexual orientation concealment and mental health: A conceptual and meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 146(10), 831–871. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000271

Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.

Poushter, J., & Kent, N. (2020, June 25). The global divide on homosexuality persists. Pew Research Center.

Powell, J. (1999). Why am I afraid to tell you who I am? . Fount.

Rich, A. J., Salway, T., Scheim, A., & Poteat, T. (2020). Sexual minority stress theory: Remembering and honoring the work of Virginia Brooks. LGBT Health, 7(3), 124–127. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2019.0223

Saiful Mujani Research and Consulting. (2018, Januari 25). Mayoritas publik menilai LGBT punya hak hidup di Indonesia. https://saifulmujani.com/mayoritas-publik-menilai-lgbt-punya-hak-hidup-di-indonesia/

Saputra, M. R. W., & Nasvian, Moch. F. (2022). Self-disclosure CA: Pengungkapan identitas seksual seorang gay. JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 5(6), 2049–2059. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v5i6.679

Setiaji, A. (2020). Konstruksi sosial pada gay yang coming out. Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi 8(2), 307–315. https://doi.org/10.30872/psikoborneo.v8i2.4915

Teresia, G. (2019). Kelompok minoritas seksual dalam terpaan pelanggaran HAM. Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Masyarakat.

Tucker, J. S., Ellickson, P. L., & Klein, D. J. (2008). Understanding differences in substance use among bisexual and heterosexual young women. Women’s Health Issues, 18(5), 387–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2008.04.004

Wood, J. T. (2013). Interpersonal communication: Everyday encounters (7th ed.). Wadsworth.

Yusmi, H. (2021). Coming out pada gay. Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 9(1), 214–228. https://doi.org/10.30872/psikoborneo.v9i1.5681

Zazzarino, A., & Bridges, C. W. (2019). A population at risk: Counseling sexual minorities with a serious mental illness. Journal of Counseling Sexology & Sexual Wellness: Research, Practice, and Education, 1(1), 36-47. https://doi.org/10.34296/01011005

Zhang, R. (2017). The stress-buffering effect of self-disclosure on Facebook: An examination of stressful life events, social support, and mental health among college students. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 527–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.05.043

Zietsch, B. P., Morley, K. I., Shekar, S. N., Verweij, K. J. H., Keller, M. C., Macgregor, S., Wright, M. J., Bailey, J. M., & Martin, N. G. (2008). Genetic factors predisposing to homosexuality may increase mating success in heterosexuals☆. Evolution and Human Behavior, 29(6), 424–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.07.002




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/psikoborneo.v14i3.26644

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2026 Anna Maria & Maria Nugraheni Mardi Rahayu

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi indexed by :

Moraref Crossref One Search OpenArchives Sinta GoogleScholar Dimensions Garuda Portal-ISSN Base

Creative Commons License

Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi published by Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Mulawarman, Samarinda, East Kalimantan. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

________________________________________

Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi

Department of Psychology
Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Mulawarman
Jl. Muara Muntai Kampus Gn. Kelua Samarinda 75411
Phone: +62 813 35350368
E-Mail: psikoborneo@gmail.com / psikoborneo@fisip.unmul.ac.id