How Do We Know They're Well? A Systematic Literature Review

Daniswara Agusta WIjaya, Aisyah Kamila

Abstract


Adolescence is a dynamic stage of development where psychological well-being (PWB) plays a critical role in preventing long-term mental health disorders. Yet, research in this field often suffers from conceptual and methodological inconsistencies, particularly in non-Western contexts such as Indonesia. This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) to identify and critically evaluate the frameworks and measurement tools used in adolescent PWB research. Following PRISMA guidelines, 12 empirical studies published between 2015 and 2025 were selected from Scopus, PubMed, and SpringerLink based on rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings highlight the predominance of Ryff’s six-factor model and Seligman’s PERMA framework, operationalized mainly through Ryff’s PWB Scale and the PERMA Profiler, while the MHC-SF was noted for its brevity and cross-cultural adaptability. Despite this dominance, frequent mismatches between frameworks and instruments were identified, especially in studies attempting to apply socio-ecological or cultural models with generic tools, which compromised construct validity. Contextual factors including family quality, school climate, peer relationships, and emotional regulation also emerged as decisive influences shaping adolescent well-being. This review emphasizes the necessity of selecting instruments that are not only psychometrically sound but also culturally and developmentally appropriate, advancing both the science and practice of adolescent mental health research in Indonesia.

Masa remaja merupakan tahap perkembangan yang dinamis, di mana kesejahteraan psikologis (psychological well-being / PWB) memegang peranan penting dalam mencegah gangguan kesehatan mental jangka panjang. Namun, penelitian dalam bidang ini masih sering menghadapi inkonsistensi konseptual dan metodologis, khususnya pada konteks non-Barat seperti Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan systematic literature review (SLR) untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengevaluasi secara kritis kerangka teori serta instrumen pengukuran yang digunakan dalam penelitian PWB remaja. Mengikuti pedoman PRISMA, sebanyak 12 studi empiris yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2015–2025 dipilih dari basis data Scopus, PubMed, dan SpringerLink berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang ketat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dominasi model enam faktor Ryff dan kerangka PERMA dari Seligman, yang dioperasionalkan terutama melalui Ryff’s PWB Scale dan PERMA Profiler, sementara MHC-SF dikenal karena kepraktisan serta kemampuan adaptasi lintas budayanya. Meskipun demikian, ditemukan adanya ketidaksesuaian antara kerangka teori dan instrumen yang digunakan, terutama pada studi yang mencoba menerapkan model sosio-ekologis atau budaya dengan alat ukur yang bersifat umum, sehingga mengurangi validitas konstruk penelitian. Faktor kontekstual seperti kualitas keluarga, iklim sekolah, hubungan dengan teman sebaya, dan regulasi emosi juga muncul sebagai faktor penting yang memengaruhi kesejahteraan remaja. Tinjauan ini menegaskan pentingnya pemilihan instrumen yang tidak hanya memiliki kualitas psikometrik yang baik, tetapi juga sesuai secara budaya dan perkembangan, sehingga dapat mendukung pengembangan ilmu maupun praktik penelitian kesehatan mental remaja di Indonesia.


Keywords


Adolescent, Psychological Well Being, Systematic Literature Review, Measurement Tool, Conceptual Framework

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/psikoborneo.v14i3.26005

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