Development of an Ewuh Pakewuh Scale Instrument Based on Javanese Cultural Values
Abstract
The ewuh pakewuh culture in Javanese society reflects a feeling of hesitation or reluctance to express opinions in order to maintain social harmony. This study aims to develop a measurement instrument or ewuh pakewuh scale based on Javanese cultural values that meets the criteria of validity and reliability. The research process involved both qualitative and quantitative stages. The qualitative stage aimed to collect data on the concept of ewuh pakewuh through open-ended questionnaires. A total of 41 respondents were involved to explore the cultural meaning of the concept, which resulted in six conceptual aspects: social interaction, social norms, hierarchy, communication, social conformity, and self-expression. Based on these aspects, 35 items were constructed and tested in the quantitative phase. The quantitative stage involved 763 respondents and was analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The results identified three main dimensions: self-expression, indirect social communication, and conformity to hierarchy. The scale showed high reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha > 0.89; KMO = 0.951). These findings indicate that the developed scale is construct-valid and reliable for measuring ewuh pakewuh tendencies within the Javanese cultural context.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/psikoborneo.v14i1.23114
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