The Effectiveness of Multisensory Method for Improving Prereading Skills in Preschooler with Visual Perception Problem
Abstract
Developmental delay is a common issue experienced by young children. Among various developmental delays in early childhood, visual perception problems are the most frequently encountered (O’Brien & Kuhaneck, 2019). Visual perception issues can affect a child's cognitive performance. For instance, low visual memory, which is one component of visual perception, can lead to difficulties in recognizing objects, pictures, and remembering places and events. If this issue left unaddressed, visual perception problems can develop into reading issues when the child reaches school age. Therefore, it is important to prepare children's pre-reading skills to prevent further problems in school. One intervention that can be applied to young children with visual perception issues is the multisensory method. This research aims to test the effectiveness of the Jolly Phonics method using a multisensory approach to improve children's early reading abilities. The subject of this study is young children with developmental delays in visual perception. Measurement in this research uses informal reading tests to assess the accuracy of children's reading. This study is an experimental research using a single-subject design with an A-B measurement pattern. The results of this study indicate a 29% increase in the subjects' reading accuracy. Through these results, it can be concluded that the multisensory method is effective in improving prereading skills.
Keterlambatan perkembangan merupakan permasalahan yang banyak dialami oleh anak usia dini. Dari berbagai keterlambatan perkembangan pada anak usia dini, permasalahan persepsi visual adalah permasalahan yang paling sering muncul (O’Brien & Kuhaneck, 2019). Permasalahan persepsi visual dapat mempengaruhi performa kogntif anak. Misalnya rendahnya memori visual yang merupakan salah satu komponen persepsi visual diikuti dengan kesulitan mengenali objek, gambar dan rendahnya memori akan tempat dan peristiwa. Apabila tidak ditangani dari awal, permasalahan persepsi visual dapat berkembang menjadi problem membaca ketika anak berada pada usia sekolah. Maka dari itu penting untuk menyiapkan kemampuan pra-membaca anak agar nantinya tidak mengalami permasalahan lebih jauh pada usia sekolah. Salah satu intervensi dapat diterapkan kepada anak usia dini dengan permasalahan persepsi visual adalah metode multisensori. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektifitas metode jolly phonics menggunakan pendekatan mulitsensori untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pra-membaca anak. Subjek penelitian ini adalah anak usia dini dengan keterlambatan perkembangan persepsi visual. Pengukuran dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tes informal membaca untuk mengukur tingkat akurasi membaca anak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitan eksperimental menggunakan satu jubjek dengan pola pengukuran A-B. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat kenaikan tingkat akurasi membaca subjek sejumlah 29%. Melalui hasil tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa metode multisensori efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pra-membaca.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/psikoborneo.v12i2.14702
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