Guide to Conducting Adaptive Interventions to Increase Intervention Effectiveness
Abstract
Social intervention is a program designed to address social issues or achieve specific goals within society. Interventions are typically carried out by implementing the same program for all participant groups, known as a single intervention approach. However, this approach does not take into account the variations in participants' responses to the intervention. Consequently, participants may receive interventions that are not suitable for them, hence affecting the effectiveness of the intervention itself. Adaptive intervention is an approach needed to overcome such limitation. In adaptive intervention, the intervention is delivered in sequence and adjusted based on participants' responses to the initial intervention. Interventionist can modify the program through alternative interventions to tailor it to participants' needs. Compared to single intervention, adaptive intervention have the advantage of ensuring that participants only receive intervention that are suitable for their responses. However, adaptive interventions are still not widely implemented in Indonesia. This article aims to provide guidance on designing and evaluating adaptive intervention to enhance the effectiveness of social intervention in achieving desired goals. As an illustration, we use two interventions at each stage of adaptive intervention design.
Intervensi sosial merupakan program yang dilakukan untuk menangani permasalahan sosial atau mencapai suatu tujuan tertentu dalam masyarakat. Intervensi umumnya dilakukan dengan memberikan program yang sama pada seluruh kelompok partisipan, atau dikenal dengan intervensi tunggal. Akan tetapi, pendekatan tersebut tidak mempertimbangkan variasi respons partisipan terhadap intervensi. Akibatnya, partisipan dapat menerima intervensi yang tidak sesuai dan pada akhirnya memengaruhi efektivitas intervensi. Intervensi adaptif adalah pendekatan yang dibutuhkan untuk mengatasi limitasi tersebut. Pada intervensi adaptif, intervensi diberikan secara berurutan dan disesuaikan berdasarkan respons partisipan terhadap intervensi awal. Intervensionis dapat memodifikasi program melalui intervensi alternatif untuk menyesuaikannya dengan kebutuhan partisipan. Dibandingkan dengan intervensi tunggal, intervensi adaptif memiliki keunggulan dalam memastikan partisipan hanya menerima intervensi yang sesuai dengan responsnya. Akan tetapi, intervensi adaptif masih belum banyak dilakukan di Indonesia. Artikel ini bertujuan memberi panduan dalam merancang dan mengevaluasi intervensi adaptif agar meningkatkan efektivitas intervensi sosial dalam mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan. Sebagai ilustrasi, kami menggunakan dua intervensi pada setiap tahap perancangan intervensi adaptif.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/psikoborneo.v11i4.12758
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