Is it true that interventions based on parent training are effective in helping parents who experience parental stress?
Abstract
Various interventions based on parent training have been proven to assist parents in addressing their children's issues. However, as an intervention approach aimed at helping parents develop effective skills and strategies in raising their children, the effectiveness of parent training still needs to be reassessed. Further analysis will be conducted in this study. This research is a meta-analysis aiming to examine the effectiveness of parent training interventions in reducing parental stress. The total number of participants in this study is 1,072 individuals, accumulated from nine relevant literature sources and divided into 532 individuals in the experimental group and 540 individuals in the control group. It has been found that among the nine scientific literatures, parent training only has a small effect size on reducing parental stress. The analysis results indicate that parent training interventions have a small effect in reducing parental stress, with an effect size of g = -0.038. This suggests that despite the interventions being implemented, their impact is minimal. Therefore, it can be concluded that parent training interventions do not significantly reduce parental stress levels. These findings highlight the need for a review or enhancement of intervention methods to be more effective in addressing parental stress.
Berbagai intervensi berdasarkan parent training telah terbukti dapat membantu orang tua mengatasi permasalahan yang dimiliki oleh anak mereka. Namun, sebagai suatu pendekatan intervensi yang memiliki tujuan untuk membantu orang tua dalam mengembangkan keterampilan dan strategi yang efektif dalam mendidik anak mereka, efektivitas parent training masih perlu dianalisis kembali. Analisis akan dilakukan lebih lanjut dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian meta-analiasis yang bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas penggunaan intervensi berdasarkan parent training untuk menurunkan parental stress (stres orang tua). Jumlah keseluruhan partisipan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 1.072 orang yang merupakan hasil akumulatif dari sembilan literatur penelitian yang sesuai dan terbagi menjadi 532 orang ke dalam kelompok eksperimen, 540 orang ke dalam kelompok kontrol. Telah diketahui bahwa dari sembilan literatur ilmiah, parent training hanya memiliki efek yang kecil (small effect size) bagi menurunnya parental stress. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa intervensi berbasis pelatihan orang tua memiliki efek yang kecil dalam menurunkan stres orang tua, dengan ukuran efek sebesar g = -0,038. Hal ini menandakan bahwa meskipun intervensi dilakukan, dampaknya hanya sedikit. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa intervensi berbasis pelatihan orang tua tidak secara signifikan mengurangi tingkat stres orang tua. Hasil ini menyoroti perlunya peninjauan ulang atau peningkatan metode intervensi yang lebih efektif dalam mengatasi stres orang tua.
Keywords
Full Text:
FULL TEXTReferences
Ahn, E., & Kang, H. (2018). Introduction to systematic review and meta-analysis. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology, 71(2), 103–112. https://doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2018.71.2.103
Akhani, A., Dehghani, M., Gharraee, B., & Hakim Shooshtari, M. (2021). Parent training intervention for autism symptoms, functional emotional development, and parental stress in children with autism disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102735
Bagner, D. M., Coxe, S., Hungerford, G. M., Garcia, D., Barroso, N. E., Hernandez, J., & Rosa-Olivares, J. (2016). Behavioral Parent Training in Infancy: A Window of Opportunity for High-Risk Families. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44(5), 901–912. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-015-0089-5
Bausback, K. B., & Bunge, E. L. (2021). Meta-analysis of parent training programs utilizing behavior intervention technologies. Social Sciences, 10(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10100367
Bearss, K., Burrell, T. L., Stewart, L., & Scahill, L. (2015). Parent Training in Autism Spectrum Disorder: What’s in a Name? Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 18(2), 170–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-015-0179-5
Beelmann, A., Arnold, L. S., & Hercher, J. (2023). Parent training programs for preventing and treating antisocial behavior in children and adolescents: A comprehensive meta-analysis of international studies. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 68(December 2020), 101798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2022.101798
Behbahani, M., Zargar, F., Assarian, F., & Akbari, H. (2018). Effects of mindful parenting training on clinical symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and parenting stress: Randomized controlled trial. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences, 43(6), 596–604.
Cheung, H., Li, W., Chan, S. S. C., Mak, Y. W., & Lam, T. H. (2013). Effectiveness of a parental training programme in enhancing the parent – child relationship and reducing harsh parenting practices and parental stress in preparing children for their transition to primary school : a randomised controlled trial.
Deb, S. (Shoumi), Retzer, A., Roy, M., Acharya, R., Limbu, B., & Roy, A. (2020). The effectiveness of parent training for children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analyses. BMC Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02973-7
Dekkers, T. J., Hornstra, R., van der Oord, S., Luman, M., Hoekstra, P. J., Groenman, A. P., & van den Hoofdakker, B. J. (2022). Meta-analysis: Which Components of Parent Training Work for Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder? Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 61(4), 478–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2021.06.015
Dervishaliaj, E. (2013). Parental Stress in Families of Children with Disabilities: A Literature Review. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 3(7), 579–584. https://doi.org/10.5901/jesr.2013.v3n7p579
Dyson, L. L. (96 C.E.). The experiences of families of children with learning disabilities: Journal of Learning Disabilities, 3, 281.
Greeno, E. J., Lee, B. R., Uretsky, M. C., Moore, J. E., Barth, R. P., & Shaw, T. V. (2016). Effects of a Foster Parent Training Intervention on Child Behavior, Caregiver Stress, and Parenting Style. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(6), 1991–2000. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0357-6
Guajardo, N. R., Snyder, G., & Petersen, R. (2009). Relationships among parenting practices, parental stress, child behaviour, and children’s social-cognitive development. Infant and Child Development, 18(1), 37–60. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.578
Gubbels, J., Put, C. E. Van Der, & Assink, M. (2019). The E ff ectiveness of Parent Training Programs for Child Maltreatment and Their Components : A Meta-Analysis.
Heath, C. L., Curtis, D. F., Fan, W., & McPherson, R. (2015). The Association Between Parenting Stress, Parenting Self-Efficacy, and the Clinical Significance of Child ADHD Symptom Change Following Behavior Therapy. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 46(1), 118–129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-014-0458-2
Hsiao, Y. J. (2018). Parental Stress in Families of Children With Disabilities. Intervention in School and Clinic, 53(4), 201–205. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053451217712956
Karjalainen, P., Kiviruusu, O., Aronen, E. T., & Santalahti, P. (2019). Group-based parenting program to improve parenting and children’s behavioral problems in families using special services: A randomized controlled trial in a real-life setting. Children and Youth Services Review, 96(December 2018), 420–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.12.004
Kurniawan, I. N., & Uyun, Q. (2013). Penurunan Stres Pengasuhan Orang Tua Dan Disfungsi Interaksi Orang Tua-Anak Melalui Pendidikan Pengasuhan Versi Pendekatan Spiritual (Pp-Vps). Jurnal Intervensi Psikologi (JIP), 5(1), 111–130. https://doi.org/10.20885/intervensipsikologi.vol5.iss1.art7
Leung, C., Tsang, S., & Kwan, H. W. (2017). Efficacy of a Universal Parent Training Program (HOPE-20): Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Research on Social Work Practice, 27(5), 523–537. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731515593810
Löfgren, H. O., Petersen, S., Nilsson, K., Padyab, M., Ghazinour, M., & Hägglöf, B. (2017). Effects of Parent Training Programs on Parental Stress in a General Swedish Population Sample. Psychology, 08(05), 700–716. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2017.85045
Lundahl, B., Risser, H. J., & Lovejoy, M. C. (2006). A meta-analysis of parent training: Moderators and follow-up effects. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(1), 86–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2005.07.004
Maaskant, A. M., van Rooij, F. B., Overbeek, G. J., Oort, F. J., & Hermanns, J. M. A. (2016). Parent training in foster families with children with behavior problems: Follow-up results from a randomized controlled trial. Children and Youth Services Review, 70, 84–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.09.005
Sarafino, E. P., & Smith, T. W. (2011). Health psychology: Biopsychosocial interactions. (7th ed). United States: John Wiley & Sons, INC
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. International Journal of Surgery, 88(March). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2021.105906
Postorino, V., Sharp, W. G., McCracken, C. E., Bearss, K., Burrell, T. L., Evans, A. N., & Scahill, L. (2017). A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Parent Training for Disruptive Behavior in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 20(4), 391–402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-017-0237-2
Raphael, J. L., Zhang, Y., Liu, H., & Giardino, A. P. (2010). Parenting stress in US families: Implications for paediatric healthcare utilization. Child: Care, Health and Development, 36(2), 216–224. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2009.01052.x
Sari, M. F., & Andayani, B. (2021). Efektivitas Pengasuhan Positif untuk Menurunkan Stres Pengasuhan Ibu Bekerja dengan Anak Usia Prasekolah. Gadjah Mada Journal of Professional Psychology (GamaJPP), 7(2), 174. https://doi.org/10.22146/gamajpp.68877
Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Thompson, M., Daley, D., & Laver-Bradbury, C. (2004). Parent training for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Is it as effective when delivered as routine rather than as specialist care? British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43(4), 449–457. https://doi.org/10.1348/0144665042388973
Valicenti-Mcdermott, M., Lawson, K., Hottinger, K., Seijo, R., Schechtman, M., Shulman, L., & Shinnar, S. (2015). Parental Stress in Families of Children with Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities. Journal of Child Neurology, 30(13), 1728–1735. https://doi.org/10.1177/0883073815579705
Webster, R. I., Majnemer, A., Platt, R. W., & Shevell, M. I. (2008). Child health and parental stress in school-age children with a preschool diagnosis of developmental delay. Journal of Child Neurology, 23(1), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/0883073807307977
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/psikoborneo.v12i1.12271
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 I Gusti Agung Istri Teresna Anindhita & Ananta Yudiarso
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Indexing by :
________________________________________
PSIKOBORNEO: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Published by Faculty of Social and Political Siences, University of Mulawarman, Samarinda, East Kalimantan and This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
________________________________________
PSIKOBORNEO: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi
Department of Psychology
Faculty of Social and Political Siences, University of Mulawarman
Jl. Muara Muntai Kampus Gn. Kelua Samarinda 75411
Phone: +62 813 35350368
E-Mail: psikoborneo@gmail.com / psikoborneo@fisip.unmul.ac.id