Effectiveness of microwave treatment and local isolates of Trichoderma sp. and Gliocladium sp. in reducing Aspergillus flavus infection on maize kernels

Salma Nurhaliza, Salamiah Salamiah

Abstract


Contamination of corn kernels by Aspergillus flavus is a major concern due to its ability to produce aflatoxins, which pose significant risks to human health and reduce agricultural product quality. Environmentally friendly alternatives to chemical control are therefore needed. This study evaluated the effectiveness of integrating microwave treatment with antagonistic fungi, namely Trichoderma sp. and Gliocladium sp., to suppress the growth of A. flavus on corn kernels. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and five replications. Parameters observed included inhibition rate, infection rate, and seed germination. The results demonstrated that microwave treatment reduced the infection rate to 4.40 compared to 7.40 in the control. Application of Trichoderma sp. resulted in inhibition levels ranging from 23.54% to 26.30% and decreased infection to 4.20. The best performance was observed with Gliocladium sp., which achieved the highest inhibition (31.30%) and the lowest infection rate (2.40), while also enhancing seed germination and shoot growth. These findings indicate that Gliocladium sp. is the most effective biological control agent, whereas microwave treatment and Trichoderma sp. show potential as complementary strategies for controlling A. flavus contamination in corn seeds.

Keyword: Aspergillus flavus, corn seeds, microwave, Gliocladium sp., Trichoderma sp.


Keywords


Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Universitas Mulawarman

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adam AN, Iswati R, Solihin AP, Pulogu SI. 2023. Efektivitas waktu aplikasi isolat Trichoderma sp. yang berbeda untuk mengendalikan penyakit hawar pelepah (Rhizoctonia solani) pada tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.) varietas Lamuru. Jurnal Agroteknotropika 12(2): 44–50.

Copeland LO. & McDonald BM. 2002. Principles of Seed Sciences and Technology. (Fourth Edi). Kluwer Academic Publisher.

Harman GE, Howell CR, Viterbo A, Chet I, Lorito M. 2004. Trichoderma species—opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts. Nature Reviews Microbiology 2(1): 43–56. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro797.

Hartal, Misnawaty, Indah B. 2010. Efektivitas Trichoderma sp. dan Gliocladium sp. dalam pengendalian layu fusarium pada tanaman krisan. Jipi 12(1): 7–12.

Hidayatullah T. 2018. Identifikasi jamur Rhizopus sp dan Aspergillus sp. pada roti bakar sebelum dan sesudah dibakar yang di jual di alun-alun jombang. 1: 430–439.

Iskandar M, Pinem W. 2009. Uji efektifitas jamur (Gliocladium Virens dan Trichoderma Koningii) pada berbagai tingkat dosis terhadap penyakit busuk pangkal batang (Fusarium Oxysporum F. Sp. Passiflorae) pada tanaman markisah (Passiflora Edulis F. Edulis) di lapangan. USU EJournals.

Iuliana C, Caprita R, Giancarla V, Sorina R. 2013. Response of barley seedlings to microwaves at 2.45 GHz. Scientific Papers: Animal Science and Biotechnologies 46(1): 185–191.

Jantarach J, Thanaboripat D. 2010. the efficacy of ethyl acetate extract of Trichoderma culture broth on growth inhibition and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus IMI 242684. KMITL Sci Tech J 10(1): 19–29.

Kakde RB, Chavan AM, Kakde MB. 2012. Antagonistic activity of Trichoderma species against Aspergillus flavus. Recent Research in Science and Technology 4(2), 39–41.

Magan N, Olsen M. 2004. Mycotoxins in Food: Detection and Control. In Mycotoxins in Food: Detection and Control. https://doi.org/10.1533/9781855739086

Marin S, Ramos AJ, Cano-Sancho V, Sanchis V. 2013. Mycotoxins: occurrence, toxicology and exposure assessment. food chem. Toxicol 60: 218–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.047

Mathu SB, Kongsda, O. 2003. Common laboratory seed health testing methods for detecting fungi. Bassersdorf: International Seed Testing Association 425.

Melysa, Fajrin N, Suharjono, Dwiastuti ME. 2013. Potensi Trichoderma sp. sebagai agen pengendali Fusarium sp. patogen tanaman strawberry (Fragaria sp.). Jurnal Biotropika 1(4): 177–181.

Ningsih H, Utami SH, Dwi L. 2016. Kajian antagonis Trichoderma Spp . terhadap Fusarium solani penyebab penyakit layu pada daun cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescen) secara In Vitro. Proceeding Biology Education Conference 13(1): 814–817.

Paramita NPR. 2021. Identifikasi jamur pada beberapa bumbu dapur secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis. Jurnal Bioshell 10(1): 25–31. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36835/bio.v10i1.993

Pimentel D. (2005). Environmental and economic costs of the application of pesticides primarily in the United States. Environment, Development and Sustainability 7(2): 229–252. https://doi.org/. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-005-7314-2

Salamiah S, Mariana M, Marsuni M, Pramudi MI, Sepe M, Aphrodyanti L, Abbas S. 2025. Molecular identification of fungi and the types of toxins produced from contaminated corn grain in Satui, Tanah Bumbu, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Journal of Tropical Plant Pests and Diseases 25(2): 337 – 349. https://doi.org/10.23960/jhptt.225337-349

Sarjani AS., Hairani PM, Endrawati T. 2024. Penggunaan metode gelombang mikro dalam pengendalian patogen terbawa benih jagung manis (Zea Mays Saccharata). Jurnal Ilmiah Respati 15(2): 165–171. https://doi.org/10.52643/jir.v15i2.4412

Sharma P, Gothalwal R. 2021. Antagonistic activity of Trichoderma spp. against plant pathogenic fungi using dual culture assay. Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnolog 9(5): 55–60. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7324/JABB.2021.9507

Steed LE, Truong VD, Simunovic J, Sandeed KP, Kumar P, Cartwright GD, S. K. 2008. Continuous flow of microwave-assisted processing and aseptic packaging of purple-fleshed sweet potato purees. J Food Sci 73(9): E455–E62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00950.x.

Syaraswati. 2007. Parasitisme Gliocladium sp. terhadap Rhizoctonia solani sebagai penyebab penyakit rebah kecambah pada jagung secara in-vitro. Prosiding Seminar Ilmiah Dan Pertemuan Tahunan PEI Dan PFI XVI Komda Sul-Sel.

Tasik S, Muslimah WS, Harjono. 2015. mekanisme parasitisme Trichoderma harzianum terhadap Fusarium oxysporum pada semai Acacia mangium. HPT Tropika 15(1): 72–80.

Watanabe T. 2010. Pictorial Atlas of Soil and Seed Fungi. In Pictorial Atlas of Soil and Seed Fungi. https://doi.org/10.1201/ebk1439804193

Wedingtyas P. 2018. Keanekaragaman Jamur Entomopatogen Di Lahan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Pt. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk Pada Berbagai Jarak Dari Habitat Alami.

Widiyanti A, Patty J, Tuhumury GN. 2022. Exploration and identification of antagonic fungi on the Rhizosphere of clove plants (Syzygium aromaticum L.) In Ambon Island. Agrologia. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30598/ajibt.v11i2.1564

Winarsih H. 2007. Antioksidan alami dan radikal bebas potensi dan aplikasinya dalam kesehatan. Kanisius. Yogyakarta.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/jatl.9.1.2026.26910.99-109

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika Lembab

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.