Konsumsi Indeks Glikemik Tinggi pada Kejadian Penyakit Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2
Abstract
Diet indeks glikemik tinggi menyebabkan hiperglikemia dan resistensi insulin, yang meningkatkan risiko diabetes tipe 2. Konsumsi karbohidrat tinggi indeks glikemik (IG) dalam jangka panjang dapat menyebabkan resistensi insulin dan ketidakseimbangan energi. Resistensi insulin terjadi ketika jaringan tubuh kurang sensitif terhadap insulin sehingga membutuhkan lebih banyak insulin untuk mengatur kadar glukosa darah. Resistensi Insulin merupakan penyebab utama diabetes tipe 2. Mengetahui pengaruh indeks glikemik terhadap kejadian penyakit diabetes tipe 2 merupakan hal penting dalam mencegah diabetes tipe 2, sehingga para peneliti tertarik untuk merangkum kajian konsumsi indeks glikemik tinggi pada kejadian penyakit diabetes melitus tipe 2. Scoping review digunakan pada penelitian ini untuk menyelidiki, mengumpulkan, dan mensintesis temuan penelitian yang terkait. Kriteria inklusi yang digunakan diantaranya artikel berbahasa Inggris dari tahun 2015-2021 yang diindeks oleh Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Crossref, dan Science Direct disertakan. Artikel review di kecualikan. Dari hasil pencarian artikel, sebanyak 637 publikasi terdeteksi yang kemudian di seleksi sesuai kriteria inklusi yang telah di tentukan. Terdapat 11 publikasi diantaranya yang memenuhi kriteria dan menjalani tinjauan sistematis dan analisis kualitatif menggunakan perangkat lunak NVIVO-12 Plus. Dari hasil analisis, terdapat lima publikasi yang berfokus pada hiperglikemia, publikasi lainnya secara khusus membahas resistensi insulin sebagai faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap perkembangan diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Makanan dengan IG tinggi dapat menyebabkan hiperglikemia dengan meningkatkan kadar glukosa darah. Paparan dalam waktu lama dapat menyebabkan resistensi insulin yang berujung diabetes tipe 2. Penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan antara makanan dengan indeks glikemik tinggi dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2, sehingga perlunya monitoring makanan dan konseling gizi indeks glikemik tinggi.
Keywords
References
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