Review Pematahan Dormansi Biji dengan Metode Skarifikasi Mekanik dan Kimia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35941/jatl.5.2.2023.9965.109-116Keywords:
biji, dormansi, pematahan dormansi, skarifikasi mekanik, skarifikasi kimiaAbstract
Tanaman tingkat tinggi melakukan pengembangbiakan dengan menggunakan biji agar tidak punah. Biji terbentuk dari ovula bunga yang matang dan telah dibuahi. Sebagian besar biji sangat mudah untuk dikecambahkan, namun juga terdapat biji yang sangat susah untuk dikecambahkan walau dalam kondisi yang menguntungkan. Hal tersebut dapat dipengaruhi dormansi. Namun, biji yang dormansi atau tidak masih sangat sulit untuk diketahui karena dormansi hanya dapat diukur dengan ada dan tidak adanya perkecambahan. Perkecambahan biji adalah suatu mekanisme, di mana perubahan morfologi dan fisiologis menghasilkan aktivasi embrio. Perkecambahan biji dikendalikan oleh sejumlah mekanisme yang diperlukan untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan embrio. Namun, pada tanaman berbiji tidak semua biji dapat berkecambah walau pada kondisi yang menguntungkan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat biji yang harus diberi perlakuan skarifikasi mekanik maupun kimia dan mengetahui efek dari skarifikasi pada biji. Perkecambahan biji dan dormansi adalah proses penting yang mempengaruhi produksi tanaman. Dormansi biji dapat disebabkan oleh belum matangnya embrio, perubahan fisiologis pada biji, hormon penghambat yang terkandung didalam biji dan after ripening. Skarifikasi merupakan cara yang digunakan untuk mematahkan dormansi. Metode Skarifikasi terbagi menjadi dua yaitu skarifikasi mekanik yang menggunakan alat seperti pisau, kikir, amplas dan lain-lain dan skarifikasi kimia yang menggunakan bahan kimia seperti Asam sulfat, HCl, KNO3, HNO3 dan hormon giberelin. Skarifikasi mekanik dan kimia sangat perlu dilakukan, terutama pada biji yang mengalami dormansi fisik seperti kulit biji tebal dan keras sehingga tidak dapat dimasuki air dan gas. Skarifikasi memberikan efek positif terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman, seperti meningkatkan daya kecambah, mempercepat perkecambahan, mempengaruhi vigor benih dan pematahan dormansi.Downloads
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