Pengendalian Hama Terpadu Berbasis Rekayasa Ekologi pada Agroekosistem Padi untuk Meningkatkan Peran Musuh Alami
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35941/jatl.5.2.2023.9964.100-108Keywords:
PHT, padi, rekayasa ekologi, musuh alami, pengendalian hayati.Abstract
Sistem budidaya padi secara monokultur memaksa petani melakukan pengendalian hama secara intensif dengan banyaknya masukan pestisida. Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT) sebagai sebuah gagasan teknik pengendalian hama mempunyai komponen kunci dengan menjaga populasi hama agar tetap di bawah ambang ekonomi serta meminimalisir dampak negatif pestisida terhadap lingkungan dan manusia. Penerapan PHT berbasis rekayasa ekologi merupakan strategi meningkatkan keragaman tumbuhan pada agroekosistem padi, tujuannya agar tercipta habitat yang cocok untuk musuh alami agar dapat hidup dan berkembangbiak, sehingga pengendalian hayati bisa terjadi secara alamiah. Keberadaan tanaman refugia di pematang sawah diharapkan mampu menyediakan sumber daya vital meliputi naungan, nektar, polen, serta inang dan mangsa alternatif yang dibutuhkan musuh alami. Pemilihan jenis tanaman refugia yang cocok merupakan faktor fundamental untuk keberhasilan pengendalian hayati melalui strategi rekayasa ekologi. Keberadaan tanaman refugia di pematang sawah seperti wijen (Sesamum indicum), kenikir (Cosmos caudatus) dan bunga pukul delapan (Turnera subulata) mampu meningkatkan kelimpahan musuh alami jenis parasitoid Anagrusspp. dan Oligosita spp, sehingga mampu mengendalikan populasi wereng (Nilaparvata lugens) agar tetap dibawah ambang kerusakan ekonomi, dan juga mengurangi kebutuhan aplikasi insektisida.Downloads
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