Penyerapan Logam Berat Besi (Fe) dengan Metode Fitoremediasi pada Tanah Sawah menggunakan Tanaman Kangkung Air (Ipomoea aquatica)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35941/jatl.5.1.2022.7936.9-18Keywords:
Fitoremediasi, Logam berat Besi (Fe), Tanaman kangkungAbstract
Unsur logam berat yang dapat menimbulkan pencemaran pada lingkungan adalah Fe, As, Cd, Pb, Hg, Mn, Ni, Cr, Zn, dan Cu karena unsur tersebut penggunaannya lebih ekstensif dan memiliki tingkat toksisitas yang tinggi. Dampak dari logam berat terhadap tanah dan tanaman yang berlebihan adalah hilang atau berubahnya kualitas tanah, sehingga tanah menjadi tidak subur dan dapat menjadi racun bagi tanaman. Penanggulangan pencemaran tanah dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi logam berat yaitu dengan menggunakan metode fitoremediasi. Fitoremediasi merupakan metode yang digunakan untuk mengurangi kerusakan tanah yang diakibatkan tingginya akumulasi logam berat dengan memanfaatkan tanaman yang dapat menyerap logam berat. Salah satu jenis tumbuhan yang dapat digunakan sebagai tumbuhan fitoremediasi adalah kangkung. Tanaman kangkung tidak selektif terhadap unsur hara tertentu, sehingga dapat menyerap semua unsur hara yang terkandung di dalam tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar logam berat besi (Fe) yang mampu diserap oleh tanaman kangkung air pada tanah sawah.Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2021 sampai dengan Januari 2022, lokasi pengambilan sampel tanah bertempat di areal persawahan Desa Sidomulyo, Kecamatan Anggana, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. Lokasi penelitian bertempat di Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman. Lokasi analisis bertempat di Laboratrium Ilmu Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian ini disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Faktorial dengan metode analisis ragam pada taraf 5% yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT).
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kadar logam berat Fe tertinggi yang dapat diserap oleh tanaman terdapat pada jumlah benih tanaman kangkung sebanyak 10 benih dengan waktu penyerapan selama 4 minggu yaitu 2392,82 ppm dan efisiensi serapan yang mampu menyerap logam berat Fe lebih besar terdapat pada perlakuan jumlah benih sebanyak 20 benih dengan serpan Fe yang mampu diserap sebanyak 13,94 ppm.
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