Pengaruh Zat Pengatur Tumbuh dan Bahan Organik terhadap Pertumbuhan Anggrek Tebu Grammatophyllum speciosum Blume Secara Kultur Jaringan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35941/jatl.4.1.2021.5791.%25pKeywords:
Grammatophyllum speciosum, kultur jaringan, zat pengatur tumbuhAbstract
Grammatophyllum speciosum Blume atau anggrek tebu merupakan salah satu spesies anggrek yang terancam kepunahan sehingga perlu dilestarikan. Perbanyakan generatif secara kovensional mengalami kendala karena tidak terdapat endosperm sehingga perlu dilakukan perbanyakan secara kultur jaringan. Keberhasilan perbanyakan secara kultur jaringan sangat dipengaruhi komposisi media dasar yang digunakan, terutama dipengaruhi oleh jenis dan konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh, jenis zat pengatur tumbuh dan penambahan ekstrak pisang ambon terhadap pertumbuhan anggrek tebu secara kultur jaringan. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri dari enam perlakuan, kombinasi antara zat pengatur tumbuh Benzyl Amino Purine atau Kinetin dengan atau tanpa naphthalene acetic acid dan ekstrak pisang ambon. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Data dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan Multiple Range Test dengan taraf 5 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan komposisi media yang disebabkan perbedaan penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh dan ekstrak pisang ambon menyebabkan perbedaan tinggi kultur, jumlah, daun, jumlah tunas dan jumlah akar yang signifikan. Media dasar Vacin and Went sesuai untuk meregenerasikan anggrek tebu. Jenis zat pengatur tumbuh yang berbeda mempengaruhi respon morfogenesis yang berbeda pula. Zat pengatur tumbuh yang baik digunakan pada tahap awal pertumbuhan kultur adalah 3,00 mg.L-1 Kinetin + 0,50 mgL-1 naphthalene acetic acid karena komposisi tersebut menghasilkan pertambahan tinggi dan jumlah daun yang tertinggi, sedangkan tahap multiplikasi tunas menggunakan 3,00 mg.L-1 Benzyl Amino Purine + 0,50 mgL-1 naphthalene acetic acid. Ekstrak pisang ambon 100 gL-1 dapat digunakan untuk induksi pertumbuhan tinggi dan induksi akar kultur anggrek tebu, tanpa atau dengan zat pengatur tumbuh.Downloads
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