Identifikasi dan Uji Antagonis Trichoderma spp. Indigenus Beberapa Daerah Kalimantan Timur Terhadap Penyebab Penyakit Layu Tomat (Fusarium oxysporum)

Authors

  • Rosfiansyah Rosfiansyah
  • Sopialena Sopialena

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30872/jatl.7.1.2024.15630.26-34

Keywords:

Fusarium oxysporum, Trichoderma, tomat

Abstract

Penyakit layu Fusarium oxysporum merupakan penyakit penting pada tanaman tomat. Pemanfaatan jamur antagonis Trichoderma sp. dalam pengendalian layu Fusarium tanaman tomat merupakan salah satu teknik Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT) yang aman terhadap lingkungan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengetahui Trichoderma spp. indigenus Kalimantan Timur berdasarkan karakter morfologi, dan mengetahui kemampuan Trichoderma spp. indigenus Kalimantan Timur dalam menekan pertumbuhan Fusarium oxysporum secara in vitro. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Hama Penyakit Tumbuhan Universitas Mulawarman. Identifikasi Trichoderma spp. berdasarkan karakter morfologi secara makroskopis maupun mikroskopis. Uji antagonis in vitro dilakukan dengan metode dual culture. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri atas tujuh perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tujuh isolat Trichoderma spp. indigenus yang terdiri atas empat spesies, yaitu T. harzianum yang berasal dari Lempake Samarinda, Sindang Sari Samarinda, Kelinjau Kutai Timur dan Karang Joang Balikpapan, T. hamatum dari Bongan Kutai Barat, T. koningii dari Nenang Penajam Paser Utara (PPU) dan T. viride dari Nenang Penajam Paser Utara. Trichoderma spp. yang memiliki diameter laju pertumbuhan tertinggi adalah T. harzianum isolat Balikpapan (60,6 mm) dan terendah T. viride PPUS (2,79 mm). Trichoderma spp. dengan kerapatan spora tertinggi terdapat pada T. hamatum isolat Kubar (6,52 x 109 konidia g - 1 ) dan terendah T. viride isolat PPUS (1,79 x 109 konidia g -1 ). Pemanfaatan Trichoderma spp. juga dapat menekan pertumbuhan Fusarium oxysforum dengan persentase penghambatan tertinggi terdapat pada T. hamatum isolat Kubarr (64,85%), sedangkan terendah adalah T. viride isolat PPUS (40,95%).

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Agrios GN. 1996. Ilmu Penyakit Tumbuhan (terjemahan edisi ketiga). Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.

Agrios, G. N. 2005. Plant Pathology. Fifth Edition. USA : Elsevier Academic Press. 922 p

Arwiyanto T. 2003. Pengendalian hayati penyakit layu bakteri tembakau. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 3(1): 54-

Belete E, Ayalew A, Ahmed S. 2015. Evaluation of local isolates of Trichoderma spp. against Black Root Rot (Fusarium

solani) on faba bean. J Plant Pathol Microb. 6(6): 1-5.

Domsch KH, Gams W, Anderson TH. 1980. Compendium of Soil Fungi. Volume 1. Academic Press, London.

Fujiwara A, Okuda T, Masuda S, Shiomi Y, Miyamoto C, Sekine Y, Tazoe M, Fujiwara M. 1982. Fermentation, isolation

and characterization of isonitrile antibiotics. Agric. Biol. Chem. 46: 1803-1809.

Hasan AE, Walker F, Schöne J, Buchenauer H. 200). Antagonistic effect of 6-pentylalphapyrone produced by Trichoderma

harzianum toward Fusarium moniliforme. J. Plant Dis. Protect. 114 (2): 62-68.

Mejia LC, Rojas EI, Maynard Z, Van Bael S, Arnold AE, Hebbar P, Samuels GJ, Robbins N, Herre EA. 2008. Endophytic

fungi as biocontrol agents of Theobroma cacao pathogens. Biol. Control 46(4): 14.

Morton DJ, Stroube WH. 1955. Antagonistic and stimulating effects of soil microorganisms upon sclerotium.

Phytopathology 45: 417-420

Purwantisari S. 2009. Isolasi dan identifikasi cendawan indigenous rhizosfer tanaman kentang dari lahan pertanian kentang

organik di Desa Pakis. Magelang. Jurnal BIOMA 11(2): 45.

Rifai M, Mujim S, Aeny TN. 1996. Pengaruh lama investasi Trichoderma viride terhadap intensitas serangan Phytium sp.

pada kedelai. 7 Jurnal Penelitian Pertama 8: 20-25.

Shakeri J, Foster HA. 2007. Proteolytic activity and antibiotic production by Trichoderma harzianum in relation to

pathogenicity to insects. Enzyme and Microb. Technol. 40(4): 961-968.

Skidmore AM, Dickinson CH. 1976. Colony interaction and hyphal interference between Septoria nodorum and phylloplane

fungi. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 66: 57-64.

Smith SN. 2007. An overview of ecological and habitat aspects in the genus Fusarium with special emphasis on the soilborne

pathogenic forms. Plant Pathology Bulletin 16: 97-120

Sopialena. 2015. Ketahanan Beberapa Varietas Tomat Terhadap Penyakit Fusarium Oxysporum dengan Pemberian

Trichoderma sp. Jurnal AGRIFOR (14)1: 131–140. https://doi.org/10.31293/af.v14i1.1112

Sopialena. 2018. Pengaruh Pemberian Trichoderma sp. Pada Tanaman Tomat Terhadap Faktor-Faktor Produksi. Jurnal

AGRIFOR (17)2: 345–354. https://doi.org/10.31293/af.v17i2.3620

Sopialena, Subiono, T, Rosyidin, AU, & Tantiani, D. 2022. Control of Antracnose Disease in Tomato (Solanum

Lycopersicum) Using Endophytic Fungi. KnE Life Sciences. https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v7i3.11147

Sopialena, Wati, M. 2018. Uji Potensi Penggunaan Jamur Trichoderma harzianum Rifai dan Gliocladium virens Arx untuk

Mengendalikan Penyakit Bercak Daun pada Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.). Jurnal Agroekoekoteknologi

Tropika Lembab (1)1: 61–66. https://doi.org/10.35941/jatl.1.1.2018.1511.61-66

Sudantha IM, Abdul LA. 2011. Uji efektivitas beberapa jenis jamur endofit Trichoderma spp. isolat lokal NTB terhadap

jamur Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae penyebab penyakit busuk batang pada bibit vanili. Crop Agro 4(2): 64-73.

Sudantha IM, Kesratarta I, Sudana. 2011. Uji antagonisme beberapa jenis jamur saprofit terhadap Fusarium oxysporum f.

sp. cubense penyebab penyakit layu pada tanaman pisang serta potensinya sebagai agens pengurai serasah. UNRAM,

NTB. Jurnal Agroteksos 21(2): 2-3.

Taurisia PP, Proborini MW, Nuhantoro I. 2015. Pengaruh media terhadap pertumbuhan dan biomassa cendawan Alternaria

alternata (Fries) Keissler. Jurnal Biologi 19(1): 30-33.

Vincent JM. 1947. Distortion of fungal hyphae in the presence of certain inhibitors. Nature 150:850.

Wahyuno D, Manohara D, Mulya K. 2009. Peranan bahan organik pada pertumbuhan dan daya antagonisme Trichoderma

harzianum dan pengaruhnya terhadap P. capsici. pada tanaman lada. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia 7: 76−82.

Watanabe T. 2002. Pictorial Atlas of Soil and Seed Fungi Morphologies of Cultured Fungi and Key to Species. CRC Press

LLC, USA.

Downloads

Published

2024-06-04

Issue

Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): Agroekoteknologi Tropika Lembab Volume 7 Nomor 1 Agustus 2024

Section

Articles

License

Copyright Transfer Statement

The copyright of this article is transferred to Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika Lembab and when the article is accepted for publication. the authors transfer all and all rights into and to paper including but not limited to all copyrights in the JATL. The author represents and warrants that the original is the original and that he/she is the author of this paper unless the material is clearly identified as the original source, with notification of the permission of the copyright owner if necessary. The author states that he has the authority and authority to make and carry out this task.
The author states that:

This paper has not been published in the same form elsewhere.
This will not be submitted elsewhere for publication prior to acceptance/rejection by this Journal.
A Copyright permission is obtained for material published elsewhere and who require permission for this reproduction. Furthermore, I / We hereby transfer the unlimited publication rights of the above paper to Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika Lembab. Copyright transfer includes exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute articles, including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions, microforms, electronic forms (offline, online), or other similar reproductions.

The author's mark is appropriate for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all coauthor. This Agreement shall be signed by at least one author who has obtained the consent of the co-author (s) if applicable. After the submission of this agreement is signed by the author concerned, the amendment of the author or in the order of the author listed shall not be accepted.

Rights / Terms and Conditions Saved

The author keeps all proprietary rights in every process, procedure, or article creation described in Work.
The author may reproduce or permit others to reproduce the work or derivative works for the author's personal use or for the use of the company, provided that the source and the JATL copyright notice are indicated, the copy is not used in any way implying the Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika Lembab (JATL) approval of the product or service from any company, and the copy itself is not offered for sale.
Although authors are permitted to reuse all or part of the Works in other works, this does not include granting third-party requests to reprint, republish, or other types of reuse.