Eksplorasi Jamur Endofit Pada Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata L.) dan Potensinya Sebagai Jamur Entomopatogen
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/jatl.7.1.2024.12828.65-70Keywords:
Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Universitas MulawarmanAbstract
Jagung merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura yang bernilai ekonomis cukup tinggi dan menjadi sumber pangan karbohidrat kedua setelah beras. Serangan hama dan patogen pada budidaya jagung menyebabkan penurunan produktivitas tanaman. Untuk mengendalikan serangan hama dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan kemampuan antagonisme dari jamur endofit pada tanaman jagung manis.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif, yaitu dengan cara mengidentifikasi jamur endofit yang terdapat pada bagian tanaman jagung manis dan menguji potensinya sebagai jamur entomopatogen terhadap ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura). Untuk menguji kebenaran potensi tersebut maka dilakukan Uji Postulat Koch terhadap larva mati yang telah ditularkan jamur endofit.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat 5 isolat jamur endofit yang ditemukan pada tanaman jagung manis terdiri dari genus Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus sp., Gliocladium sp., Cladosporium sp. dan Rhizoctonia sp. Hasil uji jamur endofit terhadap ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura) menunjukkan kelima isolat tersebut dapat mematikan larva secara fisik yang mengalami perubahan warna tubuh dan mengering. Pada uji postulat koch dibuktikan bahwa kelima isolat tersebut tidak berpotensi sebagai jamur entomopatogen.
Kata kunci : jamur endofit, entomopatogen, Spodoptera litura, Zea mays saccharata L.
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