HIDROKARBON NON-KONVENSIONAL DI CEKUNGAN BARITO: POTENSI SHALE GAS DAN COALBED METHANE DENGAN ANALISIS EVOLUSI GEOLOGI DAN RISIKO EKSPLOITASI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/jtgeo.v0i1.30076Abstract
Permintaan global akan energi yang terus meningkat mendorong eksplorasi hidrokarbon non-konvensional, khususnya shale gas dan coalbed methane (CBM), di cekungan sedimen yang telah matang. Cekungan Barito di Kalimantan Selatan, yang dicirikan oleh sekuens batubara Tersier yang tebal dan serpih kaya organik, merupakan wilayah yang menjanjikan namun masih relatif kurang diteliti untuk pengembangan sumber daya ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi potensi geologi hidrokarbon non-konvensional di Cekungan Barito melalui analisis evolusi cekungan, lingkungan pengendapan, serta kontrol struktural yang memengaruhi proses generasi dan akumulasi hidrokarbon. Studi ini mengintegrasikan data geologi dan geokimia dari penelitian terdahulu, meliputi stratigrafi, distribusi lapisan batubara, total organic carbon (TOC), dan tipe kerogen, untuk menilai tingkat kematangan batuan sumber, jalur migrasi hidrokarbon, serta karakteristik reservoir. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa evolusi tektono-sedimen Cekungan Barito telah menciptakan kondisi yang mendukung pembentukan hidrokarbon, dengan lapisan batubara tebal dan serpih kaya organik sebagai target utama pengembangan CBM dan shale gas. Selain potensi tersebut, penelitian ini juga mengkaji faktor-faktor risiko eksploitasi, termasuk heterogenitas reservoir, variasi kedalaman dan tekanan, serta keterbatasan lingkungan. Penilaian risiko geologi mengindikasikan adanya kerentanan hidrogeologi akibat dewatering CBM yang berpotensi memicu subsidensi, serta risiko seismisitas terinduksi akibat injeksi fluida bertekanan tinggi pada operasi frakturasi hidraulik di sekitar sistem sesar utama. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa meskipun Cekungan Barito memiliki potensi hidrokarbon non-konvensional yang signifikan, pengembangan komersial memerlukan perencanaan eksplorasi yang matang, karakterisasi reservoir yang cermat, serta mitigasi risiko geologi yang ketat untuk mendukung ketahanan energi nasional dan transisi menuju sistem energi yang lebih berkelanjutan.
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