MODEL KOMPUTASI TERHADAP PERUBAHAN GARIS PANTAI DAN SEDIMENTASI DI PESISIR PANTAI MARANGKAYU KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Abstract
Garis pantai mengalami perubahan dari waktu ke waktu yang disebabkan oleh aktivitas gelombang, angin, pasang surut dan arus serta terbentuknya sedimentasi daerah delta sungai. Faktor dinamik seperti pergerakan arus, angin dan pasang surut merupakan variabel yang sangat dominan terhadap perubahan garis pantai yang dapat menyebabkan erosi, pengendapan sedimen dan pembentukan daerah delta di muara sungai. Model komputasi merupakan salah satu metode yang dapat memberikan penjelasan dan gambaran terhadap perubahan tersebut. Penyelesain model komputasi terhadap variabel pergerakan arus dengan menggunakan model hidrodimaka yaitu pada persamaan kontinuitas, pergerakan sedimen dengan menggunakan persamaan momentum, transpor sedimen, persamaan erosi dan deposisi sedimen. Selain itu faktor pasang surut juga sangat berpengaruh pada perubahan garis pantai. Dari model komputasi yang dikembangkan dari variabel-variabel tersebut di atas maka diperoleh pergerakan arus laut dan proses sedimentasi pada pesisir marangkayu umumnya dominan bergerak dari arah utara ke selatan pesisir pantai dengan laju arus antara 0,23 – 0,55 m/dt dengan energi gelombang yang ditimbulkannya sebesar 0,51-0,77 J/m2. Kondisi ini menyebabkan terjadinya akresi sedimen garis pantai dengan kecepatan yang bervariasi pada setiap titik garis pantai yang berkisar antara 0,45 – 2,75 m/tahun.References
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