A New World Behind Bars: The Experience of Dealing with Stressors on Correctional Officer

Widwi Mukhabibah, Zainal Abidin

Abstract


Correctional officer (CO) is a profession that bears high-stress exposure. If this condition is unhandled properly, it will lead to corrections fatigue, indicated by negative personality changes, socially dysfunctional thinking, and a decrease in physical and mental health and function. Therefore, implementing appropriate coping strategies can maintain the mental health of CO. Therefore, it can support the achievement of indicators for the training program given by the correctional institutions (Lapas). This research is a qualitative study using a phenomenological approach. Data was obtained through phenomenological interviews on four participants and processed by thematic analysis. To increase the credibility of the data, researchers conducted some methods such as member checking, peer debriefing, and comparisons with related theories. The results show that there are six strategies in dealing with stressors. They are building interactions with inmates, seeking social support, seeing the positive side of stressors, obeying rules, prioritizing clarification in problem-solving, and doing activities that become participant's hobbies. Dealing with stress can be used as one of the mental health promotion efforts in the prison environment. Correction officers with good physical and mental health quality have a beneficial impact not only on prisoners but also on prison institutions.

 

Penjaga tahanan merupakan salah satu profesi yang memiliki paparan stres yang tinggi.  Kondisi tersebut apabila tidak dikelola dengan baik maka berpotensi memunculkan corrections fatigue yang ditandai dengan gejala-gejala seperti perubahan kepribadian yang negatif, socially dysfunctional thinking, penurunan tingkat kesehatan dan keberfungsian hingga penyakit fisik dan mental. Oleh karena itu, penerapan strategi coping yang tepat dapat mendukung kesehatan mental penjaga tahanan dan secara tidak langsung mendukung tercapainya indikator keberhasilan program pembinaan yang dilakukan oleh lembaga pemasyarakatan (Lapas).  Penelitian ini merupakan studi kualitatif yang menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologis.  Data diperoleh melalui wawancara fenomenologis terhadap empat orang partisipan dan diolah dengan analisis tematik.  Guna meningkatkan kredibilitas data, peneliti melakukan beberapa metode seperti member checking, peer debriefing, serta perbandingan dengan teori terkait.  Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat enam strategi dalam pengalaman menghadapi stressor yaitu membangun interaksi dengan narapidana, mencari dukungan sosial, melihat sisi positif dari stressor, menaati aturan, mengutamakan klarifikasi dalam penyelesaian masalah serta melakukan kegiatan yang menjadi hobi partisipan.  Pengalaman menghadapi stress dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai salah satu promosi kesehatan mental di lingkungan pemasyarakatan.  Kualitas kesehatan penjaga tahanan yang baik memiliki dampak yang luas bukan hanya pada narapidana namun juga institusi lapas secara umum


Keywords


Correctional officer; Stress; Coping strategies

Full Text:

EN

References


Afini, M., & Hanifah, H. (2021). Stresor dan penanggulangan stres selama masa awal pandemi Covid-19. Psikostudia : Jurnal Psikologi, 10(3), 294. https://doi.org/10.30872/psikostudia.v10i3.5683

Bennett, D. A. (2017). Stress and eating disturbed behavior. In C. L. Cooper & J. C. Quick (Eds.), The Handbook of Stress and Health : A Guide to Research and Practice (First Edit, pp. 186–209). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Bevan, M. T. (2014). A method of phenomenological interviewing. Qualitative Health Research, 24(1), 136–144. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732313519710

Bezerra, C. de M., de Assis, S. G., & Constantino, P. (2016). Psychological distress and work stress in correctional officers: A literature review. Ciencia e Saude Coletiva, 21(7), 2135–2146. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232015217.00502016

Boateng, F. D., & Hsieh, M. L. (2019). Explaining job satisfaction and commitment among prison officers: The role of organizational justice. The Prison Journal, 99(2), 172–193. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885519825491

Creswell, W. J., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (H. Salmon, C. Neve, M. O’Hefferman, D. C. Felts, & A. Marks (eds.); Fifth Edit). SAGE Publications, Inc.

Direktorat Jenderal Pemasyarakatan. (2021, December). Sistem database pemasyarakatan publik. Direktorat Jenderal Pemasyarakatan. http://sdppublik.ditjenpas.go.id/

Elechi, O. O., Lambert, E. G., & Otu, S. (2020). Exploring the association between organizational justice and job stress among Nigerian correctional staff. Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice, 18(4), 265–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2020.1786485

Gould, D. D., Watson, S. L., Price, S. R., & Valliant, P. M. (2013). The relationship between burnout and coping in adult and young offender center correctional officers: An exploratory investigation. Psychological Services, 10(1), 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029655

Hardianti, Nasir, S., Hidayanty, H., Suriah, Syamsuar, & Sidin, A. I. (2020). Analysis of coping behavior among female prisoners in Penitentiary Class IIA of Parepare South Sulawesi, Indonesia. European Journal of Psychological Research, 7(2), 7–13.

Harvey, J. (2014). Perceived physical health, psychological distress, and social support among prison officers. The Prison Journal, 94(2), 242–259. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885514524883

Howitt, D. (2019). Introduction to qualitative research methods in Psychology : Putting theory into practice (Fourth Edi). Pearson Education Ltd.

Jaegers, L. A., Matthieu, M. M., Werth, P., Ahmad, S. O., Barnidge, E., & Vaughn, M. G. (2020). Stressed out: Predictors of depression among jail officers and deputies. The Prison Journal, 100(2), 240–261. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885519894658

Jeong, H. (2013). Stress management of correctional personnel. In Resource Material Series No.91 (pp. 95–102). UNAFEI. http://www.unafei.or.jp/english/pdf/RS_No91/No91_13PA_Jeong.pdf

Kementerian Hukum dan HAM. (2016). Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan HAM Republik Indonesia Nomor 12 tahun 2016 tentang Syarat dan Tata Cara Pemberian Izin Keluar bagi Narapidana dalam Rangka Pembinaan (Issue 404, pp. 1–13). Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia.

Kristofferzon, M. L., Engström, M., & Nilsson, A. (2018). Coping mediates the relationship between sense of coherence and mental quality of life in patients with chronic illness: a cross-sectional study. Quality of Life Research, 27(7), 1855–1863. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-018-1845-0

Lambert, E. G., Barton-Bellessa, S. M., & Hogan, N. L. (2015). The Consequences of Emotional Burnout Among Correctional Staff. SAGE Open, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244015590444

Monzani, D., Steca, P., Greco, A., D’Addario, M., Cappelletti, E., & Pancani, L. (2015). The situational version of the brief COPE: Dimensionality and relationships with goal-related variables. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 11(2), 295–310. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v11i2.935

Regehr, C., Carey, M., Wagner, S., Alden, L. E., Buys, N., Corneil, W., Fyfe, T., Fraess-Phillips, A., Krutop, E., Matthews, L., Randall, C., White, M., & White, N. (2019). Prevalence of PTSD, depression and anxiety disorders in correctional officers: A systematic review. Corrections, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/23774657.2019.1641765

Senol-Durak, E., Durak, M., & Gencoz, T. (2021). Job satisfaction, and burnout as mediators of trait anger, work stress, positive and negative affect in a sample of Turkish correctional officers. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 32(5), 658–678. https://doi.org/10.1080/14789949.2021.1884738

Stanisławski, K. (2019). The coping circumplex model: An integrative model of the structure of coping with stress. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(MAR), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00694

Stoyanova, R. G., & Harizanova, S. N. (2016). Assessment of the personal losses suffered by correctional officers due to burnout syndrome. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 7(1), 33–41. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijoem.2016.680

Trounson, J. S., & Pfeifer, J. E. (2017). Correctional officers and workplace adversity: Identifying interpersonal, cognitive, and behavioral response tendencies. Journal of Correctional Health Care, 23(4), 437–448. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345817720923

Trounson, J. S., Pfeifer, J. E., & Skues, J. L. (2019). Perceived workplace adversity and correctional officer psychological well-being: an international examination of the impact of officer response styles. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 30(1), 17–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/14789949.2018.1441427

Useche, S. A., Montoro, L. V., Ruiz, J. I., Vanegas, C., Sanmartin, J., & Alfaro, E. (2019). Workplace burnout and health issues among Colombian correctional officers. PLoS ONE, 14(2), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211447

Yulianti, M., Adelyne, M., & Putri, S. (2015). Kualitas hidup pada narapidana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Klas IIA Wanita Tangerang. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Sosial, 4(1), 67–71.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/psikostudia.v11i1.6840

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Psikostudia : Jurnal Psikologi

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 

Indexing by :

         

_________________________________________

PSIKOSTUDIA: Jurnal Psikologi Published by Faculty of Social and Political Siences, University of Mulawarman, Samarinda, East Kalimantan and This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 _________________________________________

PSIKOSTUDIA: Jurnal Psikologi

Department of Psychology
Faculty of Social and Political Siences, University of Mulawarman
Jl. Muara Muntai Kampus Gn. Kelua Samarinda 75411
Phone: +62 813 35350368
E-Mail: psikostudia@fisip.unmul.ac.id