Mapping Psychological Interventions for Stress and Anxiety in Indonesia: The Dominance of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and the Emergence of Alternative Approaches

Abstract

Stress and anxiety are psychological issues that can affect people of all ages and require interventions tailored to individual characteristics and the context of the problem. This study aims to map the types, characteristics, and outcomes of psychological interventions for managing stress and anxiety in Indonesia during the 2021–2026 period. The study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The literature was searched via Google Scholar using the “Publish or Perish” tool with Crossref and Google Scholar metadata. The selected articles were peer-reviewed and open access, published between 2021 and 2026, conducted in the Indonesian context, indexed in SINTA 1 or SINTA 2, and involved interventions in the field of psychology with the participation of researchers or practitioners in the field of psychology. Of the 1,986 articles identified, 21 studies met the inclusion criteria. The mapping results show that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) was the most prevalent, accounting for 12 studies (57.14%), followed by group-based interventions (3 studies, 14.29%), Art Therapy (2 studies, 9.52%), and four other categories, each with 1 study (4.76%). Overall, the studies showed positive results in reducing stress, anxiety, and related psychological problems, with CBT being the most commonly used approach.

Stres dan kecemasan merupakan permasalahan psikologis yang dapat dialami berbagai kelompok usia dan memerlukan intervensi sesuai karakteristik individu serta konteks permasalahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan jenis, karakteristik, dan hasil intervensi psikologis untuk menangani stres dan kecemasan di Indonesia pada periode 2021–2026. Penelitian menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) berdasarkan pedoman Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Literatur ditelusuri melalui Google Scholar menggunakan Publish or Perish dengan metadata Crossref dan Google Scholar. Artikel yang dipilih merupakan artikel peer-reviewed dan open access, diterbitkan pada 2021–2026, dilakukan dalam konteks Indonesia, terindeks SINTA 1 atau SINTA 2, serta melibatkan intervensi dalam ranah psikologi dengan keterlibatan peneliti atau praktisi bidang psikologi. Dari 1.986 artikel yang teridentifikasi, sebanyak 21 studi memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil pemetaan menunjukkan Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) paling dominan, yaitu 12 studi (57,14%), diikuti intervensi berbasis kelompok 3 studi (14,29%), Art Therapy 2 studi (9,52%), serta empat kategori lainnya masing-masing 1 studi (4,76%). Secara keseluruhan, studi menunjukkan hasil positif dalam menurunkan stres, kecemasan, dan permasalahan psikologis terkait, dengan CBT sebagai pendekatan yang paling banyak ditemukan.