Perfectionism and Fear of Missing Out Among Junior High School Students: The Mediating Role of Social Media Intensity
Abstract
The digital era triggers pressure for an idealized image and social comparison among adolescents, leading to the anxiety of missing out on rewarding moments, known as Fear of Missing Out (FOMO). Perfectionism exacerbates this condition. This study aims to examine the correlation between perfectionism and Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) among junior high school students who actively use social media. The study employed a quantitative correlational design involving 120 students (64 female, 56 male) from two junior high schools in Lubuk Linggau, selected through purposive sampling. Perfectionism was measured using the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS) by Hewitt and Flett (1991), while FOMO was measured using the Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMOs) by Przybylski et al. (2013). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and simple linear regression with IBM SPSS Statistics version 22. Results showed a strong positive correlation between perfectionism and FOMO (r = 0.704; p < 0.01). Among the three dimensions, SPP demonstrated the strongest correlation with FOMO (r = 0.699), followed by SOP (r = 0.468) and OOP (r = 0.514). Perfectionism accounted for 70.4% of FOMO variance (R² = 0.704; F = 115.638; p < 0.001). These findings suggest that maladaptive perfectionism, particularly perceived social pressure, is a key mechanism underlying FOMO among adolescents.
Era digital memicu tekanan citra ideal dan perbandingan sosial pada remaja, yang memunculkan kecemasan tertinggal momen berharga atau Fear of Missing Out (FOMO). Perfeksionisme memperburuk kondisi ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji hubungan antara perfeksionisme dan Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) pada siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) pengguna media sosial. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif desain korelasional dengan melibatkan 120 siswa (64 perempuan, 56 laki-laki) dari dua SMP di Lubuk Linggau yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling. Perfeksionisme diukur menggunakan Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS) dari Hewitt dan Flett (1991), sedangkan FOMO diukur menggunakan Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMOs) dari Przybylski et al. (2013). Analisis data menggunakan korelasi Pearson dan regresi linear sederhana melalui IBM SPSS Statistics versi 22. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan korelasi positif yang kuat antara perfeksionisme dan FOMO (r = 0.704; p < 0.01). Di antara tiga dimensi, SPP menunjukkan korelasi paling kuat dengan FOMO (r = 0.699), diikuti SOP (r = 0.514) dan OOP (r = 0.468). Perfeksionisme mampu menjelaskan 70,4% variansi FOMO (R² = 0.704; F = 115.638; p < 0.001). Temuan ini mengimplikasikan bahwa perfeksionisme maladaptif, khususnya tekanan sosial yang dipersepsi, merupakan mekanisme utama yang mendasari FOMO pada remaja.
Keywords
Full Text:
FULL TEXTReferences
Adriansyah, M. A., Munawarah, R., Aini, N., Purwati, P., & Muhliansyah, M. (2017). Pendekatan transpersonal sebagai tindakan preventif “domino effect” dari gejala fomo (fear of missing out) pada remaja milenial. Psikostudia: Jurnal Psikologi, 6(1), 33–40.
Akbar, R. S., Aulya, A., Psari, A. A., & Sofia, L. (2019). Ketakutan akan kehilangan momen (FoMO) pada remaja kota Samarinda. Psikostudia J. Psikol, 7(2), 38.
Almásy, C., Soltész-Várhelyi, K., & Fedor, A. R. (2025). Self-Oriented and Socially Prescribed Perfectionism Among Hungarian Professional Folk Dancers. European Journal of Mental Health, 20, 1–21.
Alutaybi, A., Al-Thani, D., McAlaney, J., & Ali, R. (2020). Combating fear of missing out (FoMO) on social media: The FoMO-R method. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 6128.
Ananta, A., & Suhadianto, S. (2022). Body Dissatisfaction Pada Wanita Masa Emerging Adulthood: Bagaimana Peranan Social Comparison dan Perfeksionisme. Psikostudia: Jurnal Psikologi, 11(4), 532–541.
Anisah, H. U., SE, M. M., Aski Marissa, P., Dirgayunita, A., Wijayani, M. R., Chaidir, I. H. J., MM, M. I., MAP, M. P., Arini, D. U., & MM, M. (2025). PSIKOLOGI DIRI. CV Rey Media Grafika.
APJII. (2024). APJII Jumlah Pengguna Internet Indonesia Tembus 221 Juta Orang. Https://Apjii.or.Id/.
Argan, M. T., Koçak, F., Gürbüz, B., Argan, M., & Dinç, H. (2024). Exploring the relationships among fear of missing out (FoMO), sensation seeking and leisure activity participation. World Leisure Journal, 66(2), 165–187.
Barta, K., Wolberg, K., & Andalibi, N. (2023). Similar others, social comparison, and social support in online support groups. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 7(CSCW2), 1–35.
Blakemore, S.-J., & Mills, K. L. (2014). Is adolescence a sensitive period for sociocultural processing? Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 187–207.
Bloemen, N., & De Coninck, D. (2020). Social media and fear of missing out in adolescents: The role of family characteristics. Social Media+ Society, 6(4), 2056305120965517.
Budianto, A., Anam, M., Johariansyah, M. T., Nisa, Z., & Husniadi, N. (2026). The Efficacy of Group Counseling Using CBT Techniques in Reduce Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) Among Female University Students in Islamic Boarding Environments. Al-Ihath: Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling Islam, 6(1), 119–128.
Cheng, J., Chen, Y., Liu, J., Gao, S., Ju, Y., Liu, B., Liu, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2025). Perfectionism, obsessive-compulsory behaviour, and anxiety in young adults: a moderated mediation model of mobile phone addiction. BMC Public Health, 25(1), 2844.
Çınaroğlu, M., & Yılmazer, E. (2025). Problematic social media use, self-objectification, and body image disturbance: The moderating roles of physical activity and diet intensity. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 931–952.
Cohen, J. (1988). Set correlation and contingency tables. Applied Psychological Measurement, 12(4), 425–434.
Curran, T., & Hill, A. P. (2019). Perfectionism is increasing over time: A meta-analysis of birth cohort differences from 1989 to 2016. Psychological Bulletin, 145(4), 410.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Self-determination theory. Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology, 1(20), 416–436.
Diharja, U., Sugiarti, R., & Erlangga, E. (2025). Assertive Behavior in Classical Counseling Guidance Services to Improve Adolescent Social Skills. Psikostudia: Jurnal Psikologi, 14(2), 227–235.
Dou, F., Li, Q., Li, X., Li, Q., & Wang, M. (2023). Impact of perceived social support on fear of missing out (FoMO): A moderated mediation model. Current Psychology, 42(1), 63–72.
Emma, O., Lewis, M., & Jameson, P. (2025). Exploring the Interrelationship Between Fear of Missing Out, Self-Esteem, and Anxiety Among Gen Z Social Media Users.
Etherson, M. E., Curran, T., Smith, M. M., Sherry, S. B., & Hill, A. P. (2022). Perfectionism as a vulnerability following appearance-focussed social comparison: A multi-wave study with female adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 186, 111355.
Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117–140.
Frost, R. O., & Marten, P. A. (1990). Perfectionism and evaluative threat. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14(6), 559–572.
Gagnon, K., Young, B., Bachman, T., Longbottom, T., Severin, R., & Walker, M. J. (2020). Doctor of physical therapy education in a hybrid learning environment: Reimagining the possibilities and navigating a “new normal.” Physical Therapy, 100(8), 1268–1277.
Gross, J. J. (2015). Emotion regulation: Current status and future prospects. Psychological Inquiry, 26(1), 1–26.
Heriyanto, W., Lestari, I., & Widjanarko, M. (2026). Systematic Literature Review: Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Sosial terhadap Kecemasan dan Masalah Teman Sebaya pada Remaja Usia SMP: Penelitian. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Dan Riset Pendidikan, 4(3), 17171–17180.
Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1991). Dimensions of perfectionism in unipolar depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(1), 98.
Holte, A. J., Fisher, W. N., & Ferraro, F. R. (2022). Afraid of social exclusion: Fear of missing out predicts cyberball-induced ostracism. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 7(3), 315–324.
Isneniah, D., & Wulan Lindasari, S. (2024). Correlational study: Self-esteem and fear of missing out (FoMO) in emerging adulthood.
Khairunnisa, D., Widiana, H. S., & Suyono, H. (2022). Self-confidence and psychological well-being on employability of vocational high school students. Psikostudia: Jurnal Psikologi, 11(1), 13–21.
Li, R., Yao, M., Liu, H., & Chen, Y. (2020). Chinese Parental Involvement and Adolescent Learning Motivation and Subjective Well-Being: More is not Always Better: R. Li et al. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(7), 2527–2555.
Longa, F. E. A., Shabbir, S., & Zaid, R. (2025). Influence of Social Media on Self-Esteem and Body Image. Journal Home Page, 3(4), 138–150.
Madani, B. F., & Ambarini, T. K. (2021). Hubungan antara perfeksionisme dengan kecenderungan kecemasan sosial pada remaja akhir pengguna Instagram. Buletin Riset Psikologi Dan Kesehatan Mental (BRPKM), 1(1), 242–251.
Moore, K., & Craciun, G. (2021). Fear of missing out and personality as predictors of social networking sites usage: The Instagram case. Psychological Reports, 124(4), 1761–1787.
Nepon, T., Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (2024). Perfectionism, self-image goals and compassionate goals in health and mental health: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 42(6), 650–667.
Norouzi, E., Gerber, M., Masrour, F. F., Vaezmosavi, M., Pühse, U., & Brand, S. (2020). Implementation of a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression and to improve psychological well-being among retired Iranian football players. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 47, 101636.
Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R., & Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1841–1848.
Ratih, R., Dermawan, N. S., & Setiaji, A. (2025). Pengaruh Media Sosial Terhadap Kesehatan Mental Dan Identitas Diri Generasi Z. Jurnal Edukasi Dan Literasi Pendidikan, 6(3).
Rozental, A., Shafran, R., Wade, T., Egan, S., Nordgren, L. B., Carlbring, P., Landström, A., Roos, S., Skoglund, M., & Thelander, E. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for perfectionism including an investigation of outcome predictors. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 95, 79–86.
Saldanha, T. J. V, John-Mariadoss, B., Wu, M. X., & Mithas, S. (2021). How information and communication technology shapes the influence of culture on innovation: a country-level analysis. Journal of Management Information Systems, 38(1), 108–139.
Sarwili, I., Solehudin, S., & Lestari, M. D. (2025). Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) dan Self-Compassion: Seberapa Besar Hubungannya dengan Harga Diri Siswa SMP. RIGGS: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business, 4(3), 7768–7775.
Schmuck, D., Karsay, K., Matthes, J., & Stevic, A. (2019). “Looking Up and Feeling Down”. The influence of mobile social networking site use on upward social comparison, self-esteem, and well-being of adult smartphone users. Telematics and Informatics, 42, 101240.
Selvakumar, P., Manjunath, T. C., Kanagaraj, A. R., Balaji, J. S. D., & Kumar, S. H. (2026). Digital Comparison and Performative Lifestyles. In Cultural Pressures and Mental Health Challenges in Gen Z’s Digital World (pp. 113–140). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
Setiyono, G. A., Paramita, R., & Hartini, N. (2023). Psychoeducation of Academic Procrastination in Undergraduate Students. Psikostudia: Jurnal Psikologi, 12(4), 468–475.
Shafran, R., Cooper, Z., & Fairburn, C. G. (2002). Clinical perfectionism: A cognitive–behavioural analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(7), 773–791.
Stoeber, J. (2014). How other-oriented perfectionism differs from self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 36(2), 329–338.
Sutanto, F., Sahrani, R., & Basaria, D. (2020). Fear of missing out (FoMO) and psychological well-being of late adolescents using social media. The 2nd Tarumanagara International Conference on the Applications of Social Sciences and Humanities (TICASH 2020), 463–468.
Tandon, A., Dhir, A., Almugren, I., AlNemer, G. N., & Mäntymäki, M. (2021). Fear of missing out (FoMO) among social media users: a systematic literature review, synthesis and framework for future research. Internet Research, 31(3), 782–821.
Ulum, A. B., & Rozi, S. (2023). Penyimpangan Nilai-Nilai Islam Dalam Bermedia Sosial Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama (Studi Siswa SMPN 1 Kota Mojokerto). Philosophiamundi, 1(1).
Wang, L., Wang, Y., & Jin, X. (2025). Exploring the effect of leader other-oriented perfectionism on radical innovation. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1387963.
Woods, H. C., & Scott, H. (2016). # Sleepyteens: Social media use in adolescence is associated with poor sleep quality, anxiety, depression and low self-esteem. Journal of Adolescence, 51, 41–49.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/psikostudia.v15i3.26521
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Umar Diharja & Joko Kuncoro
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Psikostudia: Jurnal Psikologi is indexed by:
Psikostudia: Jurnal Psikologi Published by Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Mulawarman, Samarinda, East Kalimantan. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
_________________________________________
Psikostudia: Jurnal Psikologi
Department of Psychology
Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Mulawarman
Jl. Muara Muntai Kampus Gn. Kelua Samarinda 75411
Phone: +62 813 35350368
E-Mail: psikostudia@fisip.unmul.ac.id