When Love Hurts: The Hidden Psychological Damage of Toxic Relationships Leading to Suicide Ideation in Early Adult Women

Dhita Suparmi, Fikrotul Hanifah

Abstract


The phenomenon of toxic relationships in Indonesia indicates the existence of unhealthy relationship patterns that cause prolonged psychological stress. This study aims to examine the relationship between toxic relationships and suicide ideation in young adult women. This research uses a quantitative approach and employs a Pearson product-moment correlation analysis model with a sample of 251 participants. Data collection was carried out using the toxic relationship instrument and the Beck Scale for Suicide (BSS). The research results indicate a positive relationship between toxic relationships and suicide ideation; the higher the level of toxic relationships experienced by an individual, the higher the likelihood of suicidal thoughts. This research provides an understanding that the dynamics of toxic relationships can be a significant predictor of the emergence of suicidal ideation in young adult women.

Fenomena toxic relationship di Indonesia menunjukan adanya pola hubungan tidak sehat yang menimbulkan tekanan psikologis yang berkepanjangan. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk melihat hubungan antara toxic relationship dengan suicide ideation pada wanita dewasa awal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan dengan metode kuantitatif dan menggunakan model analisis korelasi product moment dengan 251 sampel. Pengumpulan data dilakukan memakai instrumen toxic relationship dan Beck Scale for Suicide (BSS). Hasil penelitian menyatakan terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara toxic relationship terhadap suicide ideation, semakin tinggi tingkat toxic relationship yang dialami individu maka semakin tinggi kecenderungan munculnya ide bunuh diri. Penelitian ini memberikan pemahaman bahwa dinamika toxic relationship dapat menjadi prediktor yang signifikan terhadap munculnya ide bunuh diri pada wanita dewasa awal.


Keywords


suicide ideation, toxic relationship, early adult women

Full Text:

FULL TEXT

References


dy, D. A. A., Zubair, A. G. H., & Saudi, A. N. A. (2023). Self esteem sebagai prediktor terhadap kecenderungan toxic relationship pada dewasa awal yang berpacaran. Jurnal Psikologi Karakter, 3(1), 281–287. https://doi.org/10.56326/jpk.v3i1.2170

Akbar, T., Yunanto, R., & Kenward, B. (2024). Dinamika kesejahteraan psikologis pada perempuan dewasa awal yang mengalami kekerasan emosional dalam hubungan pacaran (The dynamics of psychological well-being processes in early adult women who experience emotional violence in dating relationships). Jurnal Psikogenesis, 12(1).

Ardiani, P. (2024). Psychosocial stimulation and mental health intervention for vulnerable populations. Psikostudia: Jurnal Psikologi, 13(3), 210–222.

Arikunto, S. (2006). Prosedur penelitian: Suatu pendekatan praktik. Rineka Cipta.

Asosiasi Pencegahan Bunuh Diri Indonesia. (2020). Statistik bunuh diri di Indonesia. Kementrian Kesehatan RI.

Barini, G., Ongeri, L., & Mogeni, P. (2025). Mental health outcomes and intimate partner violence among nepalese women: A propensity score matched study. PLOS Mental Health, 2(7), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmen.0000374

Bertolote, J. M., & Fleischmann, A. (2022). Suicide and psychiatric diagnosis: A worldwide perspective. World Psychiatry, 1(3), 181–185. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1489848/

Chu, C., Buchman-Schmitt, J. M., Stanley, I. H., Hom, M. A., Tucker, R. P., Hagan, C. R., Rogers, M. L., Podlogar, M. C., Chiurliza, B., Ringer, F. B., Michaels, M. S., Patros, C. H. G., & Joiner, T. E. (2017). The interpersonal theory of suicide: A systematic review and meta-analysis of a decade of cross-national research. Psychological Bulletin, 143(12), 1313–1345. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000123

Dhingra, K., Rahman, M. A., & Kaur, S. (2021). Exploring the role of entrapment in toxic relationships as a predictor of suicidal ideation: A call for further research. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19(3), 1234–1245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-021-00522-5

Dina, N., Rahmawati, A., & Wulandari, P. Y. (2020). Gambaran pengembangan ide bunuh diri menuju upaya bunuh diri. Widyacakra: Jurnal Psikologi Dan Kemanusiaan, 5(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.24843/widyacakra.2020.v1.i1.p69193

Edward, K. L., & Sylaska, K. (2021). Entrapment and perceived burdensomeness as predictors of suicidal ideation among intimate partner violence victims. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(4), NP1740–NP1761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.031

Forkmann, T., Glaesmer, H., Paashaus, L., Rath, D., Schönfelder, A., Stengler, K., Juckel, G., Assion, H.-J., & Teismann, T. (2020). Interpersonal theory of suicide: Prospective examination. BJPsych Open, 6(5). https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2020.93

Fuady, A., Sumantri, M. A., & Rahayu, P. (2019). Ide dan upaya bunuh diri pada mahasiswa. Intuisi: Jurnal Psikologi Ilmiah. http://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/INTUISI

Gilbert, P., & Allan, S. (1998). The role of defeat and entrapment (arrested flight) in depression: An exploration of an evolutionary view. Psychological Medicine, 28(3), 585–598. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291798006710

Girsang, R., & Astuti, M. (2024). Toxic relationship dan dampaknya pada gangguan perilaku. Cirebonkab.Go.Id. https://cirebonkab.go.id/toxic-relationship-dan-dampaknya-pada-gangguan-perilaku/

Handojo, B., & Bashori, K. (2021). Pengujian struktur faktor pada konstruk Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation dengan individu dewasa awal [Testing factor structure in the construct of Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation in early adult]. Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, Dan Seni, 5(2), 374–382. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmishumsen.v5i2.11310.2021

Jailani, M. (2023). Fenomena kekerasan dalam berpacaran. Journal of Gender and Social Inclusion in Muslim Societies, 49.

Ju, X., Yao, L., & Ma, H. (2024). Holland’s RIASEC model and early adulthood career development: Implications for identity exploration. Psikostudia: Jurnal Psikologi, 13(1), 55–67.

Karisma, N. W. P. C., & Fridari, I. G. A. D. (2021). Gambaran pengembangan ide bunuh diri menuju upaya bunuh diri. Psikobuletin: Buletin Ilmiah Psikologi, 2(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.24014/pib.v2i1.9904

Kazan, D., Calear, A. L., & Batterham, P. J. (2016). The impact of intimate partner relationships on suicidal thoughts and behaviours: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 190, 585–598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.003

Klencakova, L. E., Pentaraki, M., & McManus, C. (2023). The impact of intimate partner violence on young women’s educational well-being: A systematic review of literature. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 24(2), 1172–1187. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380211052244

Klonsky, E. D., May, A. M., & Saffer, B. Y. (2016). Suicide, suicide attempts, and suicidal ideation. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 12(1), 307–330. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093204

Komisi Nasional Anti Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan. (2023). Catatan tahunan kekerasan terhadap perempuan 2022. Kompas Perempuan. https://komnasperempuan.go.id/download-file/949

Lamis, D. A., Malone, P. S., & Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J. (2010). Involvement in intimate partner psychological abuse and suicide proneness in college women: Alcohol. Journal of Interpersonal Violence.

Large, M. M., Nielssen, O., & Hayes, R. (2021). The relationship between suicidal ideation and suicide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 51(3), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720003864

Lew, B., Kõlves, K., Osman, A., Shorey, S., & Lester, D. (2019). Social support and its relationship with suicidal ideation among young adults: A longitudinal study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 245, 196–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.10.364

Marshall, L. L., Shroyer, T., & Valentine, J. C. (2022). Entrapment as a mediator between intimate partner violence and suicidal ideation. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(5–6), NP2931–NP2950. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1587-0

Melvin Omnia, M., Niman, S., Sihombing, F., Widiantoro, F. X., & Parulian, T. S. (2024). Depresi dan ide bunuh diri pada dewasa muda. Jurnal Keperawatan Jawa, 11.

Nabila, S. (2025). Self-disclosure on social media and emotional coping among emerging adults. Psikostudia: Jurnal Psikologi, 14(1), 44–57.

Nadia, N. N., & Girsang, R. A. (2023). Persepsi remaja tentang toxic relationship: Kekerasan fisik, perasaan tertekan, rasa takut yang berkepanjangan, rasa tidak nyaman, dan kekerasan seksual. Window of Public Health Journal, 4(3), 525–538. https://doi.org/10.33096/woph.v4i3

O’Connor, R. C., & Kirtley, O. J. (2018). The integrated motivational–volitional model of suicidal behaviour. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 373(1754), 20170268. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0268

Office for National Statistics. (2020). Domestic abuse in England and Wales: Year ending March 2020.

Permadi, F. R., & Pertiwi, Y. W. (2024). Pengaruh regulasi emosi terhadap kkekerasan dalam pacaran pada mahasiswa. Edukatif : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(4), 3469–3479. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v6i4.7361

Putra, D. A., Hayu, P., & Tyas, P. (2023). Fenomena toxic relationship dalam berpacaran. Solution, 5(1), 54–62. https://e-journal.usd.ac.id/index.php/solution/index

Revaughanii, N. A., & Hendriani, W. (2021). Pengalaman wanita korban intimate partner violence (IPV) yang bertahan pada hubungan penuh kekerasan. Buletin Riset Psikologi Dan Kesehatan Mental (BRPKM), 1(1), 149–161. https://doi.org/10.20473/brpkm.v1i1.24710

Ridlo, I. A. (2020). Pandemi COVID-19 dan tantangan kebijakan kesehatan mental di Indonesia. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 5(1), 155–164.

Sari, D. K. B., & Rohmah, F. A. (2023). Client-centered therapy for clients with a diagnosis of major depression. Psikostudia: Jurnal Psikologi, 12(4), 503–508.

Saskia, K. N. N., & Idris, F. P. (2023). Perilaku toxic relationship terhadap kesehatan remaja di Kota Makassar. Window of Public Health Journal, 4(3).

Stanley, A., Aguilar, T., Holland, K., & Orpinas, P. (2022). Precipitating circumstances associated with intimate partner problems among suicide decedents: A national study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2023.03.011

Tayim, N., Ayasrah, M. N., Ahmed, M., & Abdelrahman, R. M. (2025). A cross‐sectional network analysis of intimate partner violence and suicidal ideation among Arab women. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 32(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70037

Taylor, J. (2019). Intimate partner violence and its psychological impact on women: A comprehensive review. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 34(12), 2457–2476. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114488

Turton, H., Berry, K., Danquah, A., & Pratt, D. (2021). The relationship between emotion dysregulation and suicide ideation and behaviour: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, 5, 100136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100136

Valentina, T. D., & Helmi, A. F. (2016). Ketidakberdayaan dan perilaku bunuh diri: Meta-analisis. Buletin Psikologi, 24(2), 123. https://doi.org/10.22146/buletinpsikologi.18175

White, S. J., Sin, J., Sweeney, A., Salisbury, T., Wahlich, C., M, M. G. C., Gillard, S., Brett, E., Allwright, L., & Iqbal, N. (2024). Global prevalence and mental health outcomes of intimate partner violence among women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 25(1), 494–511. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838023115552

Widodo Putri, R., & Aulia, Q. (2025). Dinamika psikologis peningkatan rasa bersalah (guilty feeling) pada narapidana pelaku kekerasan anak di Lapas Pemuda Kelas IIA Madiun. Psikostudia: Jurnal Psikologi, 14(4), 473–482. https://doi.org/10.30872/psikostudia.v14i3

Wolford-Clevenger, C., Grigorian, H., Brem, M., Florimbio, A., Elmquist, J. A., & Stuart, G. L. (2017). Associations of emotional abuse types with suicide ideation among dating couples. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, 26(9), 1042–1054. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2017.1335821

Wulandari, P. Y., & Nadia, D. (2023). Dampak psikologis dari korban toxic relationship: Rasa rendah diri dan pesimisme. Jurnal Philanthropy, 5(1), 15–25. https://doi.org/10.26623/philanthropy.v7i1.6839




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/psikostudia.v15i2.23416

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2026 Dhita Suparmi & Fikrotul Hanifah

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 

Psikostudia: Jurnal Psikologi is indexed by:

Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Psikostudia: Jurnal Psikologi Published by Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Mulawarman, Samarinda, East Kalimantan. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 _________________________________________

Psikostudia: Jurnal Psikologi

Department of Psychology
Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Mulawarman
Jl. Muara Muntai Kampus Gn. Kelua Samarinda 75411
Phone: +62 813 35350368
E-Mail: psikostudia@fisip.unmul.ac.id