Compassion Fatigue in Junior High School Guidance and Counseling Teachers: A Qualitative Study of Self-Harm Case Companions
Abstract
This study was motivated by the prevalence of self-harm among adolescents, which requires junior high school guidance and counseling (BK) teachers to provide intensive support. Such conditions have the potential to trigger compassion fatigue in BK teachers due to their deep empathetic involvement with students experiencing emotional crises. This study aimed to explore the experiences of compassion fatigue among BK teachers who have accompanied students engaging in self-harm. A qualitative approach with a phenomenological design was employed. Three junior high school BK teachers in Central Java were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected via in-depth interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. The study identified six main themes: feelings of frustration as BK teachers, emotional memories of students’ stories, increased sensitivity, anxiety, emotional exhaustion, and difficulties concentrating. These findings indicate that intense empathetic involvement may lead to significant psychological strain. Therefore, this study recommends systematic emotional support for BK teachers to prevent and manage compassion fatigue.
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kasus self-harm pada remaja, yang menuntut guru bimbingan dan konseling (BK) tingkat SMP untuk memberikan pendampingan intensif. Kondisi ini berpotensi memunculkan compassion fatigue pada guru BK akibat keterlibatan empatik yang mendalam terhadap siswa yang mengalami krisis emosional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami pengalaman compassion fatigue pada guru BK yang pernah mendampingi siswa dengan perilaku self-harm. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain fenomenologis. Informan berjumlah tiga guru BK tingkat SMP di Jawa Tengah yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara mendalam dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian mengungkap enam tema utama: perasaan frustasi sebagai guru BK, ingatan emosional terhadap cerita siswa, meningkatnya sensitivitas, rasa cemas, kelelahan emosional, dan kesulitan berkonsentrasi. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan empatik yang intens dapat menimbulkan tekanan psikologis yang signifikan. Oleh karena itu, studi ini merekomendasikan adanya dukungan emosional yang sistematis bagi guru BK untuk mencegah dan mengelola compassion fatigue
Keywords
Full Text:
FULL TEXTReferences
Aulia, F., & Hariono, D. S. (2022). Hardiness personality dan burnout pada guru SLB di Kalimantan Selatan. Jurnal Psikologi Terapan Dan Pendidikan, 4(2), 47. https://doi.org/10.26555/jptp.v4i2.24053
Cieslak, R., Shoji, K., Luszczynska, A., Taylor, S., Rogala, A., & Benight, C. C. (2013). Secondary trauma self-efficacy: Concept and Its measurement. Psychological Assessment, 25(3), 917–928. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032687
Cipta Apsari, N. (2021). PERILAKU SELF-HARM ATAU MELUKAI DIRI SENDIRI YANG DILAKUKAN OLEH REMAJA (SELF-HARM OR SELF-INJURING BEHAVIOR BY ADOLESCENTS). In Focus: Jurnal Pekerjaan Sosial e (Vol. 4, Issue 2).
Fajrin, H. R., & Hadi, C. (n.d.). GAMBARAN COMPASSION FATIGUE PADA PSIKOLOG KLINIS YANG BEKERJA DI BAWAH LIMA TAHUN.
Figley, C. R. (2002). Compassion fatigue: Psychotherapists’ chronic lack of self care. In Journal of Clinical Psychology (Vol. 58, Issue 11, pp. 1433–1441). https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.10090
Figley Charles R. (1995). Compassion fatigue: Coping with secondary traumatic stress disorder in those who treat the traumatized. In C. R. Figley (Ed.), Compassion fatigue: Coping with secondary traumatic stress disorder in those who treat the traumatized. Brunner/Mazel.
Gaffar, R. A. (2024). Konseling individu guru bimbingan konseling terhadap siswa self injury di MAN 1 Kota Bandung (Skripsi). [Skripsi]. UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.
Guerreiro, D. F., Cruz, D., Frasquilho, D., Santos, J. C., Figueira, M. L., & Sampaio, D. (2013). Association Between Deliberate Self-Harm and Coping in Adolescents: A Critical Review of the Last 10 Years’ Literature. Archives of Suicide Research, 17(2), 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2013.776439
Habibah, S. (2019). Educational Guidance and Counseling Development Jounal Kondisi Burnout pada Guru BK/Konselor di Sekolah Menengah. Educational Guidance and Counseling Development Jounal, 2(2), 66–72.
Harr, C. (2013). Promoting Workplace Health by Diminishing the Negative Impact of Compassion Fatigue and Increasing Compassion Satisfaction.
Hasyyati, B. M., & Widyasari, P. (2023). Hubungan antara Self-Compassion dengan Burnout pada Guru Sekolah Dasar Inklusif Correlation between Self-Compassion and Burnout among Inclusive Elementary School Teachers. 19(1), 29–42.
Hochschild, A. R. (1983). The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling. University of California Press.
Kemendikdasmen. (2025). Mendikdasmen tekankan pentingnya peran guru BK sebagai pendamping dan pendorong prestasi murid.
Liu, L., Hu, X., Xie, H., Hu, C., Zhou, D., Zhang, J., Kong, Y., & Cheng, F. (2024). The influence of parenting styles and coping strategies on anxiety symptoms in adolescents: a comparative study of groups with and without non-suicidal self-injury behavior. PeerJ, 12(11). https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18378
Madge, N., Hewitt, A., Hawton, K., Wilde, E. J. De, Corcoran, P., Fekete, S., Heeringen, K. Van, De Leo, D., & Ystgaard, M. (2008). Deliberate self-harm within an international community sample of young people: Comparative findings from the Child & Adolescent Self-harm in Europe (CASE) Study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 49(6), 667–677. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01879.x
Marhalini, R., & Yuliani, S. (2024). Tren TikTok Barcode Korea Sebagai Sarana Imitasi Peserta Didik SMP Negeri 163 Jakarta. 5.
Marshall, A. (2023, April 30). Vicarious Trauma: The Cost of Care and Compassion. Verywellmind.
Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2016). Understanding the burnout experience: Recent research and its implications for psychiatry. World Psychiatry, 15(2), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20311
Melasti, K. Y., Ramli, M., & Utami, N. W. (2022). Self-Injury pada Kalangan Remaja Sekolah Menengah Pertama dan Upaya Penanganan Dalam Layanan Bimbingan dan Konseling. Jurnal Pembelajaran, Bimbingan, Dan Pengelolaan Pendidikan, 2(7), 686–695. https://doi.org/10.17977/um065v2i72022p686-695
Moleong, L. J. (2009). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. PT Remaja Rosdakarya Offset.
Newell, J. M., & M. G. A. (2010). Professional burnout, vicarious trauma, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion fatigue: A review of theoretical terms, risk factors, and preventive methods for clinicians and researchers. Best Practices in Mental Health: An International Journal, 6(2), 57–68.
Nock, M. K. (2010). Self-Injury. In Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (Vol. 6, pp. 339–363). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131258
Oberg, G., Carroll, A., & Macmahon, S. (2023). Compassion fatigue and secondary traumatic stress in teachers: How they contribute to burnout and how they are related to trauma-awareness. In Frontiers in Education (Vol. 8). Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1128618
PRATIWI, S. R., ROSAWATI, Y. A. O., SUGIARTI, R., & SUHARIADI, F. (2025). MEKANISME COPING GURU BK DALAM MENGHADAPI SISWA DENGAN PERILAKU SELF-HARM: STUDI KUALITATIF. LEARNING: Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, 5(1), 256-265.
Purwani, R. D. (2016). BURNOUT PADA GURU BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING DALAM MELAKSANAKAN LAYANAN RESPONSIF (Studi Survei di SMP Negeri Kota Tangerang) (Doctoral dissertation, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA).
Ray, S. L., Wong, C., White, D., & Heaslip, K. (2013). Compassion Satisfaction, Compassion Fatigue, Work Life Conditions, and Burnout Among Frontline Mental Health Care Professionals. Traumatology, 19(4), 255–267. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534765612471144
Ruiz-Fernández, M. D., Ramos-Pichardo, J. D., Ibáñez-Masero, O., Cabrera-Troya, J., Carmona-Rega, M. I., & Ortega-Galán, Á. M. (2020). Compassion fatigue, burnout, compassion satisfaction and perceived stress in healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 health crisis in Spain. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(21–22), 4321–4330. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15469
Stamm, B. H., & Com, B. (2010). The Concise ProQOL Manual.
Sugiyono. (2013). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Sugiyono. (2014). Memahami Penelitian Kualitatif. Penerbit Alfabeta.
Sugiyono. (2018). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Susanti, R., & Bakhtiar, N. (2018). Kejenuhan di Kalangan Guru Bimbingan dan Konseling di SMAN Provinsi Riau. 1(2), 92–104.
Suwanto, I., & Fitriyadi, S. (2019). Burnout Guru BK di Kota Singkawang. Counsellia: Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 9(2), 127–136. https://doi.org/10.25273/counsellia.v9i2.5186
Thompson, I. A., Amatea, E. S., & Thompson, E. S. (2014). Personal and Contextual Predictors of Mental Health Counselors’ Compassion Fatigue and Burnout. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 36(1), 58–77.
Wang, B., Chen, L., Hu, C., Hu, Z., Zhang, W., Cheng, F., & Liu, L. (2025). Parenting styles and adolescent coping methods: a comparative study of non-suicidal self-injury and distinct groups. BMC Psychiatry, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-07042-5
Wardhani, D. T. (2012). BURNOUT DI KALANGAN GURU PENDIDIKAN LUAR BIASA DI KOTA BANDUNG. http://diskominfo.kaltimprov.go.id
Whitlock, J., Eckenrode, J., & Silverman, D. (2006). Self-injurious behaviors in a college population. Pediatrics, 117(6), 1939–1948. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-2543
Yandri, H., & Juliawati, D. (2017). Burnout pada Guru Bk/Konselor Sekolah.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/psikostudia.v14i4.20399
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Santi Riksa Pratiwi, Margaretha Maria Shinta Pratiwi, Mulya Virgonita Iswindari Winta
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Psikostudia: Jurnal Psikologi is indexed by :
PSIKOSTUDIA: Jurnal Psikologi Published by Faculty of Social and Political Siences, University of Mulawarman, Samarinda, East Kalimantan and This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
_________________________________________
PSIKOSTUDIA: Jurnal Psikologi
Department of Psychology
Faculty of Social and Political Siences, University of Mulawarman
Jl. Muara Muntai Kampus Gn. Kelua Samarinda 75411
Phone: +62 813 35350368
E-Mail: psikostudia@fisip.unmul.ac.id