The Effect of Parenting Style on Grit
Abstract
Grit is a personality trait possessed by everyone, but what sets individuals apart is the degree to which they possess it. In many educational studies, it has been found that grit significantly contributes to the academic success of both students and university students. Grit is a malleable personality trait that can still be developed through internal and external factors. Research involving internal factors like hope, growth mindset, and purpose has been widely conducted. Similarly, external factors, one of which includes parenting styles, have also been explored. Published research indicates that there is a relationship between types of parenting styles (authoritative, permissive, and authoritarian) and grit, with varying results. However, there hasn't been research providing information on the extent of the correlation (r-value) and the effect size of this relationship. The goal of this meta-analysis is to measure the correlation between each parenting style and grit, taking into consideration the effect size. The total sample size in this study includes 8,259 individuals from 12 studies deemed eligible. The results of this meta-analysis reveal that authoritative parenting style has a weak/low correlation with grit (r = 0.214; 95% CI [0.129-0.298]). The authoritarian parenting style has a low correlation with grit (r = 0.106; 95% CI [0.038-0.173]). The permissive parenting style has a very weak/small correlation with grit (r = 0.005; 95% CI [-0.088-0.198]). Heterogeneity tests show positive results, with no indication of publication bias for authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles. The implications of this research should be followed up by examining other external factors that can influence the development of grit.
Grit merupakan karakteristik (sifat) kepribadian atau trait yang dimiliki oleh setiap orang, namun yang membedakan adalah derajatnya. Dalam banyak penelitian di bidang pendidikan ditemukan bahwa grit memberikan kontribusi yang besar untuk keberhasilan studi pada siswa maupun mahasiswa. Grit merupakan karakteristik kepribadian yang bersifat lunak dan masih dapat dikembangkan melalui faktor internal dan eksternal. Penelitian yang melibatkan faktor internal (hope, growth mindset, purpose) sudah cukup banyak dilakukan. Demikian juga, dengan faktor eskternal yang salah satunya membahas mengenai parenting styles (pola asuh). Penelitian yang telah dipublikasikan menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan tipe parenting styles (authoritative, permissive, dan authoritarian) dan grit dengan hasil yang berbeda-beda. Namun demikian, belum ada penelitian yang memberikan informasi mengenai sejauh mana nilai r dan ukuran efek (effect size) dari korelasi kedua variabel ini. Tujuan dari meta-analisis ini adalah untuk mengukur korelasi antara masing-masing tipe pola asuh (parenting styles) dan grit dengan mempertimbangkan ukuran efek. Total sampel dari penelitian ini sebanyak 8259 orang dari 12 studi yang dianggap memenuhi syarat/kriteria. Hasil meta-analisis ini menggambarkan bahwa tipe authoritative memiliki korelasi yang lemah/rendah dengan grit (r = 0.214; 95% CI [0.129-0.298]). Tipe authoritarian memiliki korelasi yang rendah dengan grit (r = 0.106; 95% CI [0.038-0.173]). Tipe permissive memiliki korelasi yang sangat lemah/kecil dengan grit (r = 0.005; 95% CI [-0.088-0.198]). Uji heterogenitas menunjukkan hasil yang baik/positif dan tidak terdapat indikasi bias publikasi untuk tipe authoritative dan authoritarian. Implikasi dari penelitian perlu ditindaklanjuti dengan meneliti faktor-faktor eksternal lainnya yang dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan grit.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/psikostudia.v12i4.12095
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