Faktor Risiko Kejadian Tuberkulosis Paru pada Lansia di RS Paru Jember Periode Januari 2024-April 2025
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/jkmm.v8i1.24078Keywords:
faktor risiko, lansia, tuberkulosis paruAbstract
Latar belakang: Penyakit menular seperti tuberkulosis (TB) paru masih menjadi tantangan utama di tingkat nasional maupun internasional akibat tingginya tingkat morbiditas dan mortalitas yang ditimbulkannya. Di Indonesia, angka kejadian TB paru pada kelompok lanjut usia (lansia) mencapai 25,5%. Kerentanan lansia terhadap penyakit ini dipicu oleh berbagai aspek, seperti jenis kelamin, pemenuhan nutrisi, kondisi finansial, riwayat paparan kuman, serta adanya penyakit penyerta. Di RS Paru Jember terdapat 587 lansia terdiagnosis tuberkulosis paru pada Januari 2024-April 2025. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko kejadian tuberkulosis paru pada lansia di RS Paru Jember. Metode: Studi ini menggunakan desain case control dengan sampel 66 lansia TB paru dan 66 lansia non TB paru yang diambil melalui random sampling pada case dan accidental sampling pada control. Data dikumpulkan dari data sekunder dan wawancara. Analisis menggunakan crosstab untuk menghitung OR. Hasil: Variabel jenis kelamin (OR 3,946; 95% CI 1,841-8,459), status gizi (OR 6,357; 95% CI 2,953-13,683), status ekonomi (OR 3,527; 95% CI 1,597-7,788), riwayat kontak (OR 21,350; 95% CI 7,542-60,438), penyakit komorbid (OR 2,258; 95% CI 1,117-4,565), jenis penyakit komorbid DM (OR 9,800; 95% CI 2,576-34,853) menjadi faktor risiko yang signifikan terhadap kejadian tuberkulosis paru lansia. Kesimpulan: Sejumlah kondisi seperti jenis kelamin, tingkat nutrisi, kondisi finansial, riwayat paparan penyakit, komorbiditas, khususnya diabetes melitus, merupakan determinan utama yang sangat memengaruhi risiko terjadinya tuberkulosis paru pada kelompok lansia.
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