Peta Risiko Stunting Berbasis Kualitas Air Tanah: Studi Epidemiologi Spasial di Kapanewon Kalasan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/jkmm.v8i1.20686Keywords:
Air tanah, E. coli, Mangan, Stunting, SpasialAbstract
Latar belakang: Kualitas air tanah yang rendah sering dikaitkan dengan risiko kejadian stunting melalui mekanisme paparan kronis terhadap polutan lingkungan. Data Puskesmas Kalasan menunjukkan prevalensi risiko stunting sebesar 8,59%. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pola kualitas air tanah (Kesadahan, Mangan, Nitrit, dan E. coli) serta hubungannya dengan risiko stunting di Kapanewon Kalasan melalui pendekatan spasial dan uji statistik. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional dengan analisis spasial dan statistik. Kualitas air tanah diukur melalui uji laboratorium pada parameter Kesadahan, Mangan (Mn), Nitrit (NO_2), dan E. coli. Sebaran kualitas air dan distribusi kasus stunting dipetakan menggunakan ArcGIS. Hubungan antar variabel dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-Square pada 90 responden balita. Hasil: Dari 90 balita yang diteliti, 23 (25,6%) dikategorikan berisiko stunting. Hasil uji kualitas air menunjukkan adanya sampel yang melampaui baku mutu kesehatan lingkungan, khususnya pada parameter Mangan (8 sampel) dan kontaminasi E. coli (6 sampel). Analisis statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara jenis sumber air (p=0,887) maupun keberadaan bakteri E. coli (p=0,518) dengan risiko stunting pada balita di wilayah penelitian. Namun, analisis spasial mengidentifikasi pola konsentrasi polutan air tanah yang tinggi di Kelurahan Selomartani dan Tirtomartani. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun terdapat parameter kualitas air tanah yang belum memenuhi baku mutu di Kapanewon Kalasan, variabel tersebut tidak terbukti sebagai determinan tunggal yang berhubungan secara signifikan dengan risiko stunting. Faktor lain seperti perilaku higiene keluarga dan asupan nutrisi makro kemungkinan memiliki peran yang lebih dominan, sehingga intervensi pencegahan stunting perlu dilakukan secara multisektoral.
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