PRESUPPOSITION ANALYSIS OF CHARACTER’S UTTERANCES IN CAMP ROCK MOVIE

This descriptive qualitative research aimed to discover different types of presupposition occurred in the Camp Rock movie. To sort the data into categories according to the types of presupposition, the theory of Yule (1996) was applied. Existential presupposition, factive presupposition, lexical presupposition, structural presupposition, non-factive presupposition, and counterfactual presupposition are the six types of presupposition. Observational and non-participatory techniques were used to obtain the data. Additionally, the data was analyzed using the pragmatic identity technique and pragmatic competence-in-equalizing data. To get data from the source, a number of procedures are taken. The researchers started by downloading the movie’s script. The researchers next watched the movie on the internet while highlighting the utterances that had the occurrence of presupposition. The result of this research revealed that there were 15 utterances of presupposition in Camp Rock movie. There were existential presupposition with 4 data, factive presupposition with 1 data, lexical presupposition with 5 data, structural presupposition with 4 data, and counterfactual presupposition with 1 data. The most dominant presupposition type appeared in the movie was lexical presupposition, because most of the characters declared meanings which were customarily interpreted with presumptive statement and had another meaning was recognized.


A. INTRODUCTION
In society, humans definitely use an expression tool anytime and anywhere to convey their feelings, ideas, and thoughts.Well, this expression tool which is inseparable from humans' daily life is called as language.Communication happens with the language as the medium with the purpose of transferring interchangeably information between speaker and listener.Effective communication will result a low misunderstanding and high quality in conversation.Every conversation obviously has its own context or topic.
Sometimes amid conversation, people will form assumptions towards the context or topic being discussed.One of the phenomena of assumption can be found in interview between the famous film star from Hong Kong, Jackie Chan and Conan O'Brien in a talk show.
Conan: "What was the worst injury that you ever got doing a stunt?"Jackie: "The worst one is in Yugoslavia." The utterance stated by Conan (speaker) shows that he is trying to ask the worst injury that ever happened on Jackie (hearer).From the utterance, it already can be presupposed that the hearer is known to have been injured while doing a stunt.It's just that the worst injury that the hearer has ever experienced is not yet known, that's why the speaker questioned about it.Therefore, utterance above by the speaker can be presupposed that the hearer ever been injured.
Forming an appropriate assumption can be called as presupposition as well.The notion of presupposition involves the knowledge of the recipient in drawing conclusions about the speaker's implication.It supported by Yule (2014) by agreeing that presupposition is what a writer or speaker believes that a reader or listener already knows or assumes what the writer or speaker said is true.Thus, in this presupposition, it is certain that there is a related background shares between the two parties (speaker and listener).As a result, they can understand each other the purpose or reason for the assumption.
Presupposition may be observed or existed not just in everyday conversation, but it also can be found in movie dialogue.In movie, of course, the conversation also requires a reciprocal relationship and mutual understanding on both involved parties (speaker and listener).Often, during the movie's conversation, we will encounter the presence of In Connie's question "What is wrong with that boy?" contained the existence of presupposition.By looking at how Connie asks, 'the boy' stated in her question assumed to be making all sorts of surprising acts that made Connie feeling with curiosity and asking Mitchie the question.From what Connie asked was motivated by what had been done by 'the boy' so that the assumption emerged that 'the boy' was behaving in a wrong way.To put in another way of saying, Connie feels something is not right with that boy and that's why she asks about it then.
The study of presupposition had previously been done by several researchers.Here are shown two researchers who conducted this presupposition study.First, A'la and Zakrimal (2020) examined the kinds of presuppositions and found out the most common presupposition's type in Ouija movie.In this study, the researchers used pragmatic qualitative approach and it was analyzed accordingly to the theory of Yule (1996).The study's outcome was four existential presuppositions, eleven structural presuppositions, four factive presuppositions, one non-factive presupposition, one counterfactual presupposition and one lexical presupposition.As for the most dominant used types of presupposition was structural presupposition.
Second, Nurchaerani and Intani (2019) identified the types of presuppositions and phenomena that appeared in the candy advertisements.This study applied the method of descriptive qualitative and used the Yule's theory (1996) to make an analysis.The findings of this study showed that two types of presupposition were present in five brands of candy advertisements.Existential presupposition and non-factive presupposition were the types discovered.As for the brands were Relaxa, Hexos, Blaster, Nano-Nano and Kiss.
The researchers did this analysis by applying the theory of Yule (1996) to categorize each presupposition into their concerned types.Presupposition is a phenomenon of assumption that can be found in today's conversations.In this way, the possibility of assumptions' occurrence can be aroused from the interlocutor after listening to speaker or reading a statement.Speaker and interlocutor must really have shared knowledge for a smoothly fluency conversation.Presupposition can be found in everyday discourse, as well as in literary works like movie.Additionally be informed that presupposition is classified into six types, which are as follows: existential presupposition, factive presupposition, lexical presupposition, structural presupposition, non-factive presupposition, and counterfactual presupposition.

B. LITERATURE REVIEW Types of Presuppositions a.
Existential Presupposition A speaker is presumed to believe in the existence of the entities mentioned in this type of presumption.Possessive constructions and definite noun phrase are usually used to convey this presupposition.E.g.John Sides, a George Washington University political scientist, was still blunter.(Guswita & Widodo, 2019) >> There exists John Sides, a political scientist in George Washington University.

b. Factive Presupposition
The assumptions presented in a speech for this type contain precise information.The following verbs and phrases such as 'glad', 'odd', 'be' with 'aware', 'regret', and 'realize' involve factive presupposition.E.g.Goodbye, Belle.Come on, Philippe.You know the way.(Kristy et al., 2020) >> You know the way.

c. Lexical Presupposition
The applied of an assumptive statement with a stated meaning that is understood to have a different meaning.'Stop', 'start', and 'again' are lexical items associated with this presupposition.E.g.We don't want you to wander from the castle again.(Tambunan et al., 2019) >>You have ever wandered from the castle before.

d. Structural Presupposition
This presupposition is connected to the usage of specific words and phrases and is evaluated as assuming that certain components of the structure assuming to be correct.The speaker can use certain sentence structures in conveying information that is presupposed and then recognized by the listener as true information.For instance, information after whquestion contains true facts.E.g.Why do people treat us like that? (Saputra et al., 2021) >> People treat us like that.

e. Non-factive Presupposition
It refers to assumption which is acknowledged to not be the case.'Pretend', 'imagine', and 'dream' are sort of verbs which can be used with this presupposition to show or convey that something is not considered to be true.E.g.I used to imagine that I was a superhero.(Aminah, 2021) >> I am not a superhero.

f. Counterfactual Presupposition
For this presupposition is what is assumed is not only untrue, it also contradicts with the actual facts.E.g.If you would have never met him, he probably would still be alive.(Liang, 2020)

C. RESEARCH METHOD
For this study, the researchers applied descriptive qualitative method (Creswell, 2014).Since this research detects or identifies data in the movie and analyses it descriptively, the descriptive qualitative method was employed.In qualitative data analysis, the researchers will aim for categories which happened repeatedly in the data.It deals only expressions of word and it is not quantifiable.Sample of this research is taken from the character's utterances in Camp Rock movie which contained of presupposition.Every utterance in the data is observed with observational method (Sudaryanto, 2015).In collecting the data, a non-participatory technique is utilized.As collecting the data, the researchers did not involve in the movie conversation.According to Sugiyono (2013), there is no involvement of researchers and the researchers act solely as an observer in nonparticipant observation.A series of steps are followed in order to gather data from the source.The researchers began by downloading the movie script.Next, the researchers streamed the movie online in website while marking the utterances that were relevant to the object of the research.
To analyze the data, the researchers applied the Pragmatics Identity Method proposed by Sudaryanto (2015).The data were then analyzed by using pragmatic competence in an equalizing technique (Sudaryanto, 2015).To analyze the types of presupposition, the researchers used the theory by Yule (1996).In the beginning of analyzing step, the researchers examined the relevant utterances contained presupposition.Then, the researchers sorted each utterances using Yule's presupposition of classification.Then, conclusion was formed from the analyzed data.

D. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This research revealed that there were 15 utterances of presupposition in Camp Rock movie.They are existential presupposition, factive presupposition, lexical presupposition, structural presupposition, and counterfactual presupposition.In below table 1, it shows the total number of presupposition data.
Table 1.Types of presupposition performed by the characters in the Camp Rock movie.The sentence belongs to the category of existential presupposition with the word 'my' (possessive construction).Ella (speaker) is kind of suggesting like what if she and fellow friends visit Mitchie (hearer) and her mother in China.The hearer agrees with it.As the statement of the hearer has possessive construction involved and it is existential presupposition, it may be assumed that the hearer has a mom.

DATA 15
Peggy: "Stop telling us, what to do! You're the one who is ruining everything you're too intense, all the time, and I am sick and tired of pickin' up your slack too!" Tess: "Peggy, come back here!Who needs her?She was holding us back.Now you really better not mess up." (01.14.23 -01.14.43)This is classified as lexical presupposition, because the term 'stop' exists.Peggy (the speaker) is having a ruckus with Tess (hearer).The speaker is sick of the hearer who keeps giving constant complaints over everything.From the statement, it can be assumed that the hearer is used to telling or bossing around of what the speaker does.

E. CONCLUSION
Whatever the writer or speaker considers to be actual or true prior to making a comment or statement is referred to as a presupposition.Many of speakers' comment or statement can be ambiguous in its meaning.Presupposition comes in six types which are existential presupposition, factive presupposition, lexical presupposition, structural presupposition, non-factive presupposition, and counterfactual presupposition.This research's findings indicate that Camp Rock movie characters only employed 5 types of presupposition.In the movie, there were 15 utterances consisted of presupposition.Existential presupposition had 4 data, factive presupposition had 1 data, lexical presupposition had 5 data, structural presupposition had 4 data, and counterfactual presupposition had 1 data.The fact that most characters expressed statements with another meaning is known, so lexical presupposition becomes the most common types used by the character.